Table 5. Judgement of risk of bias in 6 domains applying QUIPS tool.
| Study | Risk of Bias in Study Participation | Risk of Bias in Study Attrition | Risk of Bias in Risk Factor Measurement | Risk of Bias in Outcome Measurement | Risk of Bias in Study Confounding | Risk of Bias in Study Analysis and Reporting |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chou et al. 2007[42] | low | moderate | high | high | low | low |
| Chou et al. 2007[41] | low | moderate | low | low | low | low |
| Conde-Sala et. al 2019 [43] | low | high | low | low | moderate | low |
| Dong et al. 2019 [30] | high | high | moderate | moderate | high | low |
| Forsell 2000 [40] | high | high | low | high | moderate | low |
| Gureje et al. 2011 [18] | low | moderate | low | low | high | low |
| Jaussent et al. 2011 [34] | moderate | moderate | low | low | low | low |
| Kim et al. 2006 [28] | high | low | moderate | low | moderate | low |
| Kim et al. 2009 [45] | low | high | low | low | high | low |
| Koizumi et al. 2005 [21] | moderate | moderate | high | low | moderate | low |
| Lampinen et al. 2003 [38] | moderate | moderate | high | moderate | high | low |
| Lue et al. 2010 [26] | moderate | high | moderate | low | high | low |
| Luppa et al. 2012 [37] | low | moderate | low | low | low | low |
| Lyness et al. 2009 [29] | high | moderate | low | low | high | - |
| Makizako et al. 2015 [24] | high | moderate | low | low | moderate | low |
| Mossaheb et al. 2009 [31] | moderate | moderate | high | high | high | high |
| Petersson et al. 2014 [39] | low | moderate | low | high | low | moderate |
| Schoevers et al 2005 [36] | moderate | moderate | low | low | moderate | low |
| Schoevers et al. 2000 [35] | moderate | moderate | low | low | moderate | moderate |
| Tani et al. 2016 [22] | low | moderate | moderate | low | moderate | low |
| Tsutsumoto et al. 2016 [25] | high | moderate | low | low | high | low |
| Uemura et al. 2018[23] | high | moderate | low | low | low | low |
| Weyerer et al. 2013 [2] | low | moderate | low | low | low | low |
| Yang et al. 2015 [27] | moderate | high | low | low | moderate | low |
| Yokohama et al. 2010 [44] | moderate | high | moderate | low | moderate | low |
| Misawa et al. [20] | high | moderate | moderate | low | moderate | low |
| Ryan et al. 2015 [14] | moderate | high | moderate | low | moderate | low |
| Ojagbemi et al. 2018 [19] | low | moderate | low | low | high | low |
| Carrière et al. 2013 [33] | moderate | moderate | low | low | high | low |
| Ancelin et al. 2010 [32] | low | moderate | moderate | low | moderate | low |
Judgement of risk of bias by the main author in 6 domains applying the criteria of QUIPS tool [50].