Table 3.
Patient demographic and clinical information
| Variable | All | VAP n = 45 |
No VAP n = 40 |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 46.9 (18.9) | 44.2 (20.7) | 49.9 (16.4) | 0.159a |
| Male, N (%) | 62 (72.9) | 33 (73.3) | 29 (72.5) | 0.931c |
| Admission indication, N (%) | 0.652c | |||
| Trauma | 54 (63.5) | 30 (66.7) | 24 (60) | |
| Post-operative | 31 (36.5) | 15 (33.3) | 16 (40) | |
| Comorbidities, yes, N (%) | 0.932b | |||
| ARDS | 7 (8.2) | 3 (6.7) | 4 (10) | |
| Cancer | 13 (15.3) | 6 (13.3) | 7 (17.5) | |
| COPD | 7 (8.2) | 4 (8.9) | 3 (7.5) | |
| CHF | 24 (28.2) | 13 (28.9) | 11 (27.5) | |
| ESRD | 14 (16.5) | 9 (20) | 5 (12.5) | |
| Multiple trauma | 20 (23.5) | 10 (22.2) | 10 (25) | |
| Positive tracheal culture, N (%) | 69 (81.2) | 40 (88.9) | 29 (72.5) | 0.093c |
| MDR organism, yes, N (%) | 31 (36.5) | 17 (37.8) | 14 (35) | 0.825c |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL, mean (SD) | 4.03 (4.68) | 3.53 (3.6) | 4.6 (5.6) | 0.308a |
| APACHE II, mean (SD) | 18.1 (2.84) | 17.9 (3.43) | 18.4 (1.98) | 0.399a |
| Duration of intubation, hours, mean (SD) | 177.1 (39.61) | 176.02 (38.7) | 178.32 (41.09) | 0.791a |
| Reintubation, N (%) | 32 (37.6) | 14 (31.1) | 18 (45) | 0.262c |
| MV duration prior to VAP, hours, median (IQR) | 72 (54–87.5) | 72 (52–87.5) | 72 (64.5–88.5) | 0.639a |
| ICU duration prior to developing VAP, days, median (IQR) | 7 (6–8) | 7 (6–8.5) | 7 (6–8) | 0.118a |
| VAP timing, mean (SD) | ||||
| Early (< 5 days) | – | 15 (33.3) | – | – |
| Late (≥ 5 days) | 30 (66.7) | |||
| Length-of-stay, days, mean (SD) | ||||
| ICU LOS | 9.8 (3.0) | 13.13 (3.27) | 12.72 (2.75) | 0.538a |
| Non-ICU LOS | 15.4 (3.1) | 12.67 (3.34) | 11.96 (2.99) | 0.320a |
| Mortality, N (%) | ||||
| ICU | 17 (20) | 8 (17.8) | 9 (22.5) | 0.787c |
| Hospital | 22 (25.9) | 12 (26.7) | 10 (25) | 0.861c |
VAP: ventilator-associated pneumonia; IQR: interquartile range; MDR: multiple drug resistant; APACHE: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; ICU: intensive care unit; VAP: ventilator-associated pneumonia; LOS: length-of-stay
aIndependent sample t-test
bFisher exact test
cChi-square