Table 2.
Information on, knowledge about, access to and use of contraceptive methods, results of online survey
| Low- and middle-income countries (n = 107) | High-income countries (n = 129) | High- vs low- and middle-income countries χ2p-value |
Total (n = 239)a | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Where do you access information on contraception? (Multiple responses possible) | At work | 37 (34.6%) | 22 (17.1%) | 0.002 | 59 (24.7%) |
| Drop-in centre | 12 (11.2%) | 40 (31.0%) | <0.001 | 52 (21.8%) | |
| Friends or family | 33 (30.8%) | 58 (45.0%) | 0.027 | 91 (38.1%) | |
| Healthcare providers | 61 (57.0%) | 98 (76.0%) | 0.002 | 162 (67.8%) | |
| Mobile clinic | 17 (15.9%) | 6 (4.7%) | 0.004 | 23 (9.6%) | |
| NGO or CBO | 44 (41.1%) | 43 (33.3%) | 0.217 | 87 (36.4%) | |
| Outreach worker | 25 (23.4%) | 13 (10.1%) | 0.006 | 38 (15.9%) | |
| Internet | 56 (52.3%) | 93 (72.1%) | 0.002 | 151 (63.2%) | |
| Don’t access | 2 (1.9%) | 4 (3.1%) | 0.692 | 6 (2.5%) | |
| Where do you access contraceptives? (Multiple responses possible) | At or through work | 19 (17.8%) | 19 (14.7%) | 0.52 | 39 (16.3%) |
| Pharmacy | 67 (62.6%) | 70 (54.3%) | 0.195 | 138 (57.7%) | |
| Drop-in centre | 9 (8.4%) | 35 (27.1%) | 0.000 | 45 (18.8%) | |
| Family planning clinic | 28 (26.2%) | 39 (30.2%) | 0.491 | 68 (28.5%) | |
| Friends or family | 6 (5.6%) | 10 (7.8%) | 0.798 | 17 (7.1%) | |
| Mobile clinics | 19 (17.8%) | 7 (5.4%) | 0.003 | 26 (10.9%) | |
| NGO/CBO | 34 (31.8%) | 33 (25.6%) | 0.015 | 68 (28.5%) | |
| Outreach workers | 16 (15.0%) | 11 (8.5%) | 0.123 | 27 (11.3%) | |
| Private clinic or hospital | 23 (21.5%) | 21 (16.3%) | 0.306 | 45 (18.8%) | |
| Public clinic or hospital | 26 (24.3%) | 48 (37.2%) | 0.033 | 75 (31.4%) | |
| Other | 4 (3.7%) | 33 (25.6%) | – | 38 (15.9%) | |
| Which contraceptive methods have you heard of? (Multiple responses possible) | Male condoms | 105 (98.1%) | 127 (98.4%) | 1.000 | 235 (98.3%) |
| Female condoms | 92 (86.0%) | 122 (94.6%) | 0.024 | 216 (90.4%) | |
| Diaphragm | 27 (25.2%) | 113 (87.6%) | <0.001 | 142 (59.4%) | |
| Non-hormonal (copper) IUDs | 73 (68.2%) | 121 (93.8%) | <0.001 | 196 (82.0%) | |
| Tubal ligation | 78 (72.9%) | 123 (95.3%) | <0.001 | 203 (84.9%) | |
| Vasectomy | 67 (62.6%) | 124 (96.1%) | <0.001 | 193 (80.8%) | |
| Traditional methods | 63 (58.9%) | 118 (91.5%) | <0.001 | 183 (76.6%) | |
| Oral pill | 94 (87.9%) | 125 (96.9%) | 0.007 | 221 (92.5%) | |
| Contraceptive rings | 38 (35.5%) | 108 (83.7%) | <0.001 | 146 (61.1%) | |
| Hormonal contraceptive patches | 34 (31.8%) | 98 (76.0%) | <0.001 | 133 (55.6%) | |
| Hormonal IUDs | 53 (49.5%) | 111 (86.0%) | <0.001 | 165 (69.0%) | |
| Injectables | 54 (50.5%) | 101 (78.3%) | <0.001 | 157 (65.7%) | |
| Hormonal implants | 52 (48.6%) | 111 (86.0%) | <0.001 | 165 (69.0%) | |
| Emergency contraceptive | 80 (74.8%) | 124 (96.1%) | <0.001 | 206 (86.2%) | |
| Which contraceptives have you used in the last year? (Multiple responses possible) | Male condoms | 100 (93.5%) | 122 (94.6%) | 0.718 | 225 (94.1%) |
| Female condoms | 22 (20.6%) | 34 (26.4%) | 0.297 | 56 (23.4%) | |
| Diaphragm | 1 (0.9%) | 4 (3.1%) | 0.381 | 5 (2.1%) | |
| Non-hormonal (copper) IUDs | 6 (5.6%) | 15 (11.6%) | 0.106 | 21 (8.8%) | |
| Tubal ligation | 5 (4.7%) | 9 (7.0%) | 0.456 | 14 (5.9%) | |
| Vasectomy | 1 (0.9%) | 10 (7.8%) | 0.014 | 11 (4.6%) | |
| Traditional methods | 20 (18.7%) | 23 (17.8%) | 0.864 | 43 (18.0%) | |
| Oral pill | 29 (27.1%) | 26 (20.2%) | 0.209 | 55 (23.0%) | |
| Contraceptive rings | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (3.9%) | 0.065 | 5 (2.1%) | |
| Hormonal contraceptive patches | 1 (0.9%) | 1 (0.8%) | 1.000 | 2 (0.8%) | |
| Hormonal IUDs | 3 (2.8%) | 20 (15.5%) | <0.001 | 23 (9.6%) | |
| Injectables | 13 (12.1%) | 6 (4.7%) | 0.035 | 19 (7.9%) | |
| Hormonal implants | 7 (6.5%) | 10 (7.8%) | 0.720 | 17 (7.1%) | |
| Emergency contraceptive | 22 (20.6%) | 27 (20.9%) | 0.944 | 50 (20.9%) | |
| How often do you use condoms with clients? | All the time | 87 (81.3%) | 113 (87.6%) | 0.031 | 203 (84.9%) |
| More than half the time | 10 (9.3%) | 12 (9.3%) | 22 (9.2%) | ||
| Half the time | 5 (4.7%) | 1 (0.8%) | 6 (2.5%) | ||
| Less than half the time | 2 (1.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.8%) | ||
| Never | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| N/A | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (2.3%) | 3 (1.3%) | ||
| No response | 3 (2.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (1.3%) | ||
| How regularly do you use condoms with other male partners? | All the time | 34 (31.8%) | 28 (21.7%) | 0.03 | 63 (26.4%) |
| More than half the time | 25 (23.4%) | 30 (23.3%) | 56 (23.4%) | ||
| Half the time | 6 (5.6%) | 14 (10.9%) | 20 (8.4%) | ||
| Less than half the time | 14 (13.1%) | 20 (15.5%) | 34 (14.2%) | ||
| Never | 13 (12.1%) | 24 (18.6%) | 37 (15.5%) | ||
| N/A | 5 (4.7%) | 13 (10.1%) | 19 (7.9%) | ||
| No response | 10 (9.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 10 (4.2%) |
a
Includes three respondents not reporting country of residence and omitted from analysis of country income categories.