Table 1. Longshanks adult (F01, F09, F20) and neonate (F32) sample composition.

Target sample sizes of n = 40/group represent a compromise between sampling effort (e.g. scanning capacity) and the ability to detect small-to-moderate effect sizes at a power of 0.8 in the case of univariate analyses (Cohen’s d = 0.25). For multivariate analyses (e.g. principal components analyses), target sample sizes of n = 40 with 50–68 landmarks produce highly repeatable covariance matrices (average RV coefficient of a sample’s Procrustes-adjusted covariance matrix with 1000 covariance matrices derived from bootstrapped data > 0.99).

Longshanks samples (n)
	CTL	LS1	LS2
Generation 1 (F01)	24	40	40
Generation 9 (F09)	23	40	40
Generation 20 (F20)	40	40	40
Generation 32 (F32)	32	36	36