Table 7.
Leukocyte interaction with homeostasis and thrombi.
| Ligand | Site on CR3 | Site on ligand | Function | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GPIbα | αMI, competing with heparin, fibrinogen, glucosamine | Leucine- rich N-terminal region | Adhesion and trans-platelet migration, pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic, NETosis | (228, 229, 268–270) |
| Fucoidan | Divalent cation dependent | Sulfates essential for binding | Elastase release, reduced mobilization of bone marrow nucleated cells | (57, 271) |
| CD44v3 | Divalent cation dependent | Heparan sulfate, Heparinase treatment almost completely inhibited the binding | PMN-Epithelial Adhesion | (272) |
| Heparin heparan |
αMI, competes with fibrinogen, FX, ICAM-1, iC3b | sulfates essential for binding | – | (168, 268, 273, 274) |
| Glucosamine | αMI | – | Anti-thrombotic, inhibits ligation to GPIbα | (269) |
| FX (not FXa) | Not mainly mediated by αMI, but iC3b competing and Ca2+ dependent | Three distinct sequences surrounding the catalytic site: | Gets activated to FXa by degranulation of activated leukocytes (cleavage by cathepsin G) | (76, 188, 275–277) |
| Kininogen | αMI, overlapping with ICAM-1 and fibrinogen, divalent cation dependent, competition with ICAM-1 | Domain 3, mainly the C-terminus of domain 5 | Elastase release, formation of GPIbα:CR3, release of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and chemokines (IL-8 and MCP-1), in complex with uPAR, LFA-1 and gC1qR? | (230, 270, 278–282) |
| Thrombomodulin | – | Thrombomodulin domain 3 is required for binding to CR3. | Interferes with ANCA binding, inhibition of neutrophil extracellular trap formation | (283, 284) |
| protein-C receptor | – | – | – | (285) |