Clinical features common to PRES-related conditions

Feature	Preeclampsia	Allo-BMT	SOT	I/S/S	Autoimmune Ds	Chemo/Ca
Immune system antigen challenge	+	+	+	+	+	+
	(Placenta)	(BMT)	(Transplant)	(Bacteria)	(Self?)	(Tumor Ag)
Microchimeric exchange	+	+	+	–	+	−
T-cell activation	+	+	+	+	+	+
Inflammatory cytokines: TNF-α, IL-1, IFN-γ	+	+	+	+	+	+
Endothelial activation: p-selectin, e-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1	+	+	+	+	?	?
Endothelin-1 up-regulation	+	+	+	+	?	?
Endothelial injury: thrombocytopenia, schistocytes, LDH	+	+	+	+	+	?
Vascular instability: vasoconstriction, vasodilation	+	+	+	+	?	?
Organ hypoperfusion	+	+	+	+	?	?
MODS	+	+	+	+	+	?
VEGF elevation	+	?	?	?	?	?
Endothelial autoantibodies	+	+	+	–	+	−

Note:—I/S/S indicates infection/sepsis/shock; += present; –, not present; ?, undetermined or not studied; Allo-BMT, allogeneic bone marrow transplant; SOT, solid organ transplant; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; IL-1, interleukin; IFN, interferin; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; LDH, L-lactate dehydrogenase; MODS, multiorgan dysfunction syndrome; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; Ds, disease; Chemo/Ca, post chemotherapy with cancer; Ag, unique tumor antigens.