(A) Flow cytometry was utilized to test the expression of the following candidate pan-tumor markers: CD29, CD47, B2M, and EPCAM, in addition to CD45, isotype hamster IgG, and isotype rat IgG2K, which served as controls. (B) CD98 expression was tested separately via flow cytometry in addition to CD29, CD45, isotype hamster IgG, and isotype rat IgG2K, which served as controls. These markers were tested in several cancer cell lines: MC38, B16, KPC, CT26, and Panc02, in addition to splenocytes. Splenocytes were harvested from female BALB/cJ. CD29 and CD98 were identified as the most robustly expressed markers across cancer cell lines. (C) Anti-CD29 and anti-CD98 antibodies were covalently conjugated to the following isotopes: cadmium (112, 114, and 116 Cd) and indium (113 and 115 In).