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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 May 10.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Biol. 2021 Mar 2;31(9):1836–1849.e12. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.104

Figure 3. Dgc is the most strongly differentially expressed gene in salivary glands of fundatrices collected from red versus green galls.

Figure 3.

(A) Expression of dgc in salivary glands, whole bodies, or carcasses (body minus salivary glands) throughout the H. cornu life cycle. Salivary glands were dissected from multiple nymphal stages and adults of four generations representing major morphs of the life cycle, G1 (fundatrix), G2, G5, and sexuals. Dgc is expressed at highest levels in salivary glands of fundatrices. Dgc expression declines in salivary glands through the instars of G2 animals and later generations and was not detected in salivary glands of sexuals. Expression observed in full bodies of G1 animals (fundatrices) probably reflects expression in the salivary glands and expression was not observed in carcasses.

(B) Genome-wide differential expression analysis of H. cornu fundatrix salivary gland transcripts from individuals heterozygous for dgcRed/dgcGreen (Red; N = 15) versus homozygous for dgcGreen (Green; N = 7) illustrated as a volcano plot. Dgc is strongly downregulated in dgcRed/dgcGreen fundatrices.

(C) Salivary gland expression of genes in the paralog cluster that includes dgcRed/dgcGreen. Gene models of the paralogous genes are shown at the top and expression levels normalized by mean expression across all paralogs is shown below. Only dgc is strongly downregulated in this gene cluster between individuals carrying dgcRed/dgcGreen (Red) versus dgcGreen/dgcGreen (Green) genotypes.

See also Figures S1 and S3.