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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 May 10.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Biol. 2021 Mar 2;31(9):1836–1849.e12. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.104

Figure 5. bicycle genes are salivary gland enriched transcripts of gall-associated H. cornu generations.

Figure 5.

(A) Differential expression of fundatrix versus sexual salivary glands with only genes significantly upregulated in fundatrix salivary glands marked with colors, shown as a volcano plot. Genes with and without homologs in public databases are labeled as “Annotated” (blue) and “Not Annotated” (brown), respectively.

(B) Hierarchical clustering of unannotated salivary-gland specific genes reveals one large cluster of bicycle genes, one small cluster of CWG genes, and many largely unique, unclustered genes.

(C) Amino-acid logo for predicted BICYCLE proteins. Sequence alignment used for logo was filtered to highlight conserved positions. Most genes encode proteins with an N-terminal signal sequence and a pair of conserved cysteine-tyrosine-cysteine motifs (CYC).

(D) Bicycle (green) and remaining unannotated (brown) genes labelled on a differential expression volcano plot illustrate that, on average, bicycle genes are the most strongly differentially expressed genes expressed specifically in fundatrix salivary glands.

(E) Bicycle gene expression levels in salivary glands of aphids from four generations. Bicycle genes are expressed at highest levels in the fundatrix and mostly decline in expression during subsequent generations. (Sample sizes: G1 (N = 20); G2 (N = 4); G5 (N = 6); and G7 (N = 6).

See also Figures S1, S4, S5 and Table S2.