Fig. 4.

Substance P–induced expression of various MMP and EMT-inducing genes in HNC cells: HNC cells were treated with SP (100 nM) and NK1R inhibitor (1 μM). mRNA expression of various MMPs and EMT-inducing genes were analyzed by real-time PCR in (A and B) FaDu, (C and D) Detroit 562, and (E and F) SCC-9 cell lines. Values represent mean ± SE, n = 3, two-way ANOVA followed by Fisher LSD for multiple comparison. Single, double, triple, and quadruple asterisks or Single, double, triple, and quadruple number signs indicate p ≤ 0.05, p ≤ 0.01, p ≤ 0.001, and p ≤ 0.0001 respectively as compared with control or SP 100 nM