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. 2021 Feb 24;10(1):551–565. doi: 10.1007/s40122-021-00246-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — NRS pain scores at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h postoperatively after surgery in the three groups; a at rest; b on moving (taking a deep breath). NRS numerical rating scale, R ropivacaine, RN ropivacaine + nalbuphine, RK ropivacaine + ketorolac. Top and bottom of boxes indicate standard deviation; center lines indicate means. Tukey error bars are shown, which extend to the farthest points that are not outliers. Outliers (black circles) were defined as values greater than 1.5 times the standard deviation