Table 4.

Exploratory outcomes

	Group R	Group RN	Group RK	P value
Total adverse events in 48 h post-surgery (95% CI) (%)	14.6 (5.6–29.2)	14.3 (5.4–28.5)	12.2 (4.1–26.2)	0.942a
Types of Adverse Events, (95% CI) (%)
Nausea	4.9 (0.6–16.5)	4.8 (0.6–16.2)	2.4 (0.1–12.9)	0.818b
Vomiting	4.9 (0.6–16.5)	2.4 (0.1–12.6)	2.4 (0.1–12.9)	0.765b
Local anesthetic toxicity	0	0	0	–
Hypotension	2.4 (0.1–12.9)	4.8 (0.6–16.2)	4.9 (0.6–16.5)	0.818b
Bradycardia	2.4 (0.1–12.9)	2.4 (0.1–12.6)	2.4 (0.1–12.9)	1.0b
Gastrointestinal bleeding	0	0	0	–
Pruritus	0	0	0	–
Wound infection	0	0	0	–

CI confidence interval, R ropivacaine, RN ropivacaine + nalbuphine, RK ropivacaine + ketorolac

^aChi-square test

^bFisher's exact test