Table 1.

Pain conditions showing differential prevalence between men and women [9, 15–17]

Female prevalence	Male prevalence	No sex prevalence
Head and neck Migraine with and without aura Chronic tension-type headache Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania Hemicrania continua Hypnic headache Primary stabbing headache Post-dural puncture headache Cervicogenic headache Periapical periodontitis and abscess Atypical odontalgia Burning mouth syndrome Carotidynia Temporal arteritis Lesions or diseases of the nervous system Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux) Carpal tunnel syndrome Causalgia Reflex sympathetic dystrophy Pain in multiple sclerosis Occipital neuralgia Vascular & hematologic origin Chronic venous insufficiency Acute intermittent porphyria Raynaud’s disease Chilblains/Pernio Livedo reticularis (after age 40 years) Gastrointestinal tract & visceral organs Esophagitis Reflux esophagitis with peptic ulcer Gallbladder disease Post-cholecystectomy syndrome Irritable bowel syndrome Bladder pain syndrome Proctalgia fugax Myofascial and osteoarticular pain Piriformis syndrome Peroneal muscular atrophy Rheumatoid arthritis Fibromyalgia and chronic widespread pain Gout (before age 60 years) Slipping rib syndrome Twelfth rib syndrome Temporomandibular disorder pain Back pain (postmenopausal)	Head and neck Cluster headache Post-traumatic headache SUNCT syndrome (Short-lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform headache attacks with Conjunctival injection and Tearing) Lesions or diseases of the nervous system Brachial plexus avulsion Postherpetic neuralgia Meralgia paresthetica Lateral femoral cutaneous neuropathy Pain associated with Pancoast tumor Raeder paratrigeminal syndrome Vascular & hematologic origin Thromboangiitis obliterans Coronary artery disease (before age 65 years) Erythromelalgia (over 50 years) Gastrointestinal tract & visceral organs Pancreatic disease Duodenal disease Abdominal migraine Myofascial and osteoarticular pains Hemophilic arthropathy Ankylosing spondylitis Gout (after age 60 years) Osteoarthritis (before age 45 years)	Head and neck Acute tension-type headache Toothache due to dentinoenamel defects Toothache due to pulpits Cracked tooth syndrome Stylohyoid process syndrome Lesions or diseases of the nervous system Secondary trigeminal neuralgia Neuralgia of nervus intermedius Painful ophthalmoplegia Vagus nerve neuralgia Thoracic outlet syndrome Brachial plexus tumors Postherpetic neuralgia Maxillary sinusitis Dry socket Pain in Parkinson’s disease Gastrointestinal tract & visceral organs Esophageal motility disorders Chronic gastric ulcer Crohn’s disease Diverticular disease of the colon Carcinoma of the colon Pain of vascular & hematologic origin Familial Mediterranean fever Hereditary coproporphyria