Table 2.

Comparison between the engagement level of our proposed model and the state-of-the-art methods

Work	Modality	Classifier	Engagement level	Tasks	Dataset description	Engagement level accuracy (%)
[4]	Emotions from facial expressions (one)	SVM	Very engaged, engaged in the task, nominally engaged, not engaged at all	Set game	34 volunteers	72.9
					Each volunteer sat in a private room
					one session
[9]	Emotions from facial expressions, eye gazes, and mouse behaviors (three)	SVM	High, medium, or low attention	Reading task	6 volunteers	75.5
					Three sessions with quiet and noisy environments
Our multimodal	Emotions from facial expressions, mouse, and keyboard behaviors (three)	Naive Bayes	Strong, high, and medium engagements	Writing task	42 volunteers	95.23
					Each volunteer performs the writing task in different scenarios