Figure 4.

Nucleus accumbens (NAc) neuron activity and neural dynamics in response to sevoflurane. (A) Expression of c-Fos in the NAc in the wakefulness state, sevoflurane anesthesia and recovery from anesthesia in mice (Scale bars: 200 μm. (B) Average number of c-Fos-immunopositive neurons. One-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Bonferroni’s test. n = 6, *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.0001. (C) Expression of GCaMP6s in NAc neurons. (D) Expression of the DA2h virus in the NAc area (Scale bars: 200 μm). (E) Heat map illustrating the changes in the Ca²⁺ signals related to sevoflurane-induced LORR and RORR. (F) Average calcium transients associated with LORR and RORR; mean (red trace) ± SEM (red shading). (G) ΔF/F represents the deviation in Ca²⁺ fluorescence from the baseline, which is the averaged ΔF/F between t = –300 s and –150 s. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, n = 8, by paired t-test.