Figure 4.

The main effect of a self-reported CVD composite score on PAL performance across 18–85 year olds separately between men and women. Simple effects analyses revealed the negative impact of cardiovascular disease on memory had slightly larger effect sizes in men compared to women in the 3 group (men: β =  − 1.80 word pairs, std error = 0.41, p = 1.3e−5; women: β =  − 1.27 word pairs, std error = 0.35, p = 0.0003).