TABLE 2.
Association between resilience operationally defined at baseline and Connor‐Davidson Risk Score measured at follow‐up
| Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale at follow‐up | Relative Resilience State at baseline | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Unexposed and well a (N = 168) |
Resilient b (Ref.) (N = 280) |
Reactive depression c (N = 42) |
Vulnerable depression d (N = 10) |
|||||||
| Mean (SD) | Adj.‐β e (SE) | p‐value | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Adj.‐β e (SE) | p‐value | Mean (SD) | Adj.‐β e (SE) | p‐value | |
| Men, N | 55 | 85 | 9 | 2 | ||||||
| Total score | 73.2 (12.7) | 3.376 (2.49) | .178 | 69.0 (14.6) | 57.0 (11.5) | −11.204 (4.93) | .025 | 62.0 (2.8) | −10.263 (9.88) | .301 |
| Factor 1: Driving force for achievement | 20.9 (4.2) | 1.439 (0.82) | .082 | 19.4 (4.8) | 16.1 (3.6) | −2.822 (1.64) | .088 | 18.5 (0.7) | −1.542 (3.29) | .640 |
| Factor 2: Adaptability to adversity/stressful situation | 20.7 (4.0) | 0.887 (0.80) | .268 | 19.6 (4.7) | 15.8 (4.0) | −3.857 (1.60) | .017 | 17.5 (0.7) | −3.372 (3.20) | .294 |
| Factor 3: Resource to overcome adversity | 18.1 (3.6) | 0.801 (0.68) | .244 | 17.3 (4.1) | 13.3 (3.4) | −3.564 (1.37) | .010 | 12.5 (3.5) | −5.550 (2.75) | .045 |
| Factor 4: Self‐direction | 8.6 (1.8) | 0.728 (0.33) | .027 | 7.8 (1.9) | 6.9 (2.1) | −0.807 (0.65) | .216 | 7.5 (0.7) | −0.810 (1.30) | .535 |
| Factor 5: Conformity to destiny | 5.0 (1.4) | 0.001 (0.27) | .996 | 4.9 (1.6) | 3.9 (1.1) | −1.068 (0.54) | .051 | 5.0 (1.4) | −0.029 (1.09) | .979 |
| Women, N | 113 | 195 | 33 | 8 | ||||||
| Total score | 70.5 (17.4) | 1.702 (1.93) | .379 | 68.7 (15.3) | 57.9 (16.0) | −9.472 (3.09) | .002 | 63.4 (14.8) | −3.467 (6.46) | .592 |
| Factor 1: Driving force for achievement | 19.5 (5.4) | 0.246 (0.64) | .702 | 19.1 (5.1) | 16.0 (6.2) | −3.000 (1.03) | .004 | 16.3 (4.7) | −2.754 (2.00) | .17 |
| Factor 2: Adaptability to adversity/stressful situation | 20.2 (5.3) | 0.878 (0.59) | .136 | 19.2 (4.7) | 16.0 (4.8) | −2.842 (0.94) | .003 | 17.4 (6.0) | −1.438 (1.83) | .433 |
| Factor 3: Resource to overcome adversity | 18.0 (4.5) | 0.728 (0.50) | .147 | 17.5 (3.9) | 15.2 (4.2) | −1.743 (0.80) | .030 | 15.3 (6.8) | −1.422 (1.56) | .363 |
| Factor 4: Self‐direction | 7.8 (2.3) | 0.252 (0.26) | .342 | 7.6 (2.1) | 6.3 (2.3) | −1.146 (0.42) | .007 | 7.3 (2.7) | −0.109 (0.82) | .895 |
| Factor 5: Conformity to destiny | 5.2 (1.9) | −0.228 (0.21) | .277 | 5.5 (1.7) | 4.7 (1.8) | −0.592 (0.33) | .078 | 4.0 (1.7) | −1.005 (0.65) | .124 |
No negative event experience in 6 months before initial assessment and no depressive symptoms (BDI < 20) at baseline.
Experienced negative events in prior 6 months before initial assessment but no depressive symptoms (BDI < 20) at baseline.
Experienced negative events in 6 months before initial assessment with depressive symptoms (BDI ≥ 20) at baseline.
No negative event experience in 6 months before initial assessment and with depressive symptoms (BDI ≥ 20) at baseline.
Adjusted for age, study center, education, income, marital status, comorbidity, menopausal status (in women only), alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and physical activity.