FIGURE 3.

Effect of BEO treatment on memory decline of rats induced by TiO2 NPs in the novel object recognition test. (a) During training, the discrimination index is near zero. Rats have no obvious natural preference for the left or right position. (b) During testing, the control group spent more time exploring the novel object than the familiar one (compared to 0%), but not the TiO2 NPs exposure group and BEO group. Results were the mean ± SEM (N = 6). * p < .05; BEO, bergamot essential oil; TiO2 NPs, titanium dioxide nanoparticles; CTL, control