a Relative quantification of the CD3+ T cells in the PB, n = 5 biologically independent animals. b Representative flow cytometry analysis of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells gating on CD3+ T cells. Relative quantification of the c CD4+ T cells and d CD8+ T cells, n = 5 biologically independent animals. e Representative immunofluorescence images of metastatic tumour in the lung showing CD4+ T cells (green) and CD8+ T cells (red) after treatment, scale bar: 100 µm. Representative flow cytometry analysis of f IFN-γ+CD8+ T cells and g Ki-67+CD8+ T cells gating on CD3+ T cells, n = 5 biologically independent animals. h Cytokine levels in the serum of mice, n = 5 biologically independent animals. G1, PBS; G2, aPDL1; G3, Vadimezan; G4, P@aPDL1; G5, P@aPDL1 + Vadimezan; G6, P@IgG + Vadimezan. Data are presented as mean ± SD, statistical significance was analysed via ANOVA (one-way, Tukey post-hoc test). P-value: **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. a G1 vs. G5: P < 0.0001, G2 vs. G5: P < 0.0001, G3 vs. G5: P < 0.0001, G4 vs. G5: P < 0.0001, G6 vs. G5: P < 0.0001. c G1 vs. G5: P < 0.0001, G2 vs. G5: P = 0.0007, G3 vs. G5: P = 0.0018, G4 vs. G5: P = 0.0005, G6 vs. G5: P < 0.0001. d G1 vs. G5: P < 0.0001, G2 vs. G5: P < 0.0001, G3 vs. G5: P < 0.0001, G4 vs. G5: P < 0.0001, G6 vs. G5: P < 0.0001. f G1 vs. G5: P < 0.0001, G2 vs. G5: P < 0.0001, G3 vs. G5: P < 0.0001, G4 vs. G5: P < 0.0001, G6 vs. G5: P < 0.0001. g G1 vs. G5: P < 0.0001, G2 vs. G5: P < 0.0001, G3 vs. G5: P < 0.0001, G4 vs. G5: P < 0.0001, G6 vs. G5: P < 0.0001. h TNF-α: G1 vs. G5: P < 0.0001, G2 vs. G5: P = 0.0009, G3 vs. G5: P < 0.0001, G4 vs. G5: P < 0.0001, G6 vs. G5: P < 0.0001; IFN-γ: G1 vs. G5: P < 0.0001, G2 vs. G5: P < 0.0001, G3 vs. G5: P < 0.0001, G4 vs. G5: P < 0.0001, G6 vs. G5: P < 0.0001; IL-2: G1 vs. G5: P < 0.0001, G2 vs. G5: P < 0.0001, G3 vs. G5: P < 0.0001, G4 vs. G5: P = 0.0007, G6 vs. G5: P < 0.0001; IL-6: G1 vs. G5: P < 0.0001, G2 vs. G5: P < 0.0001, G3 vs. G5: P < 0.0001, G4 vs. G5: P < 0.0001, G6 vs. G5: P < 0.0001; IL-12: G1 vs. G5: P < 0.0001, G2 vs. G5: P < 0.0001, G3 vs. G5: P < 0.0001, G4 vs. G5: P < 0.0001, G6 vs. G5: P < 0.0001.