TABLE 5.
Summary of RMRP studies in non-cancerous pathologic conditions.
| Pathologic conditions | Clinical samples | Cell lines | Animal models | Targets/regulators and signaling pathways | Results | References |
| Sepsis (myocardial dysfunction) | – | Murine HL-1 cardiomyocytes | Male C57B6/L mice | miR-1-5p/HSPA4 | RMRP regulated cardiomyocyte apoptosis and inhibited Lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis. | Han et al. (2020) |
| Atherosclerosis | – | Human vascular smooth muscle cells, HEK293T | Wistar rats | miR-128-1-5P/Gadd45g | RMRP was upregulated in coronary atherosclerosis. Its downregulation associated with inhibition of IL-6, IL-8, and apoptosis related proteins. | An et al. (2020) |
| Ischemic heart failure (HF) | PBMC and left ventricle biopsies of 18 non-end-stage dilated ischemic cardiomyopathy and 17 controls/11 post-ischemic end-stage HF patients | – | C57BL/6 J male mice | – | RMRP was dysregulated in both end- and non-end-stage HF patients and mouse model of cardiac hypertrophy. | Greco et al. (2016) |
| Ischemic myocardial injury | – | H9c2 | Sprague-Dawley male rats | miR-206/ATG3 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway | RMRP downregulation enhanced cardiac function and suppressed apoptosis followed by myocardial I/R injury. | Kong et al. (2019) |
| Cardiac fibrosis | – | – | pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats | miR-613 | RMRP was upregulated in cardiac fibrosis. Its reduction led to inhibition of cardiac proliferation, differentiation and collagen accumulation. | Zhang et al. (2019) |
| Ischemic stroke (IS) | – | BV-2 | Adult male C57BL/6 mice | PI3K/Akt signaling pathway | Valproate inhibited RMRP expression, which increased survival rates and modulated cell apoptosis. | Li and Sui (2020) |
| Multiple sclerosis (MS) | Whole venous blood from 72 patients and 28 healthy controls | – | – | Th17 effector program | RMRP gene expression tended to be increased in patients with relapsing-remitting form of MS. | Ghaiad et al. (2020) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | Peripheral blood from 20 RA patients and 18 healthy matched controls | – | – | – | RMRP expression was upregulated in T cells of RA patients and correlated with disease duration. | Moharamoghli et al. (2019) |
| Major depressive disorder (MDD) | Peripheral blood from 29 MDD patients and 29 matched healthy controls | – | Adult male BALB/c mice | – | RMRP was downregulated in MDD patients and mouse model. It was correlated with depression severity. | Seki et al. (2019) |