TABLE 4.

Marginal effects of factors that affect OOP expenditure.

Variable	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
	OOP-Health	OOP-Health	OOP-Medicine	OOP-Medicine
Income (log)	0.537***	0.443***	0.572***	0.457***
	(0.031)	(0.047)	(0.030)	(0.042)
Insured	−0.448***	−2.036***	−0.408***	−2.357***
	(0.043)	(0.441)	(0.039)	(0.438)
Insuredincome (log)		0.178***		0.218***
		(0.048)		(0.048)
Saudi national	0.160***	0.175***	0.166***	0.182***
	(0.048)	(0.048)	(0.041)	(0.041)
Age	0.002	0.002	0.005***	0.005***
	(0.002)	(0.002)	(0.002)	(0.002)
Male	−0.204***	−0.201***	−0.139***	−0.134***
	(0.039)	(0.040)	(0.036)	(0.036)
Married	−0.120**	−0.112**	−0.155***	−0.145***
	(0.049)	(0.049)	(0.046)	(0.046)
Primary school	0.163**	0.158**	0.015	0.009
	(0.066)	(0.066)	(0.065)	(0.066)
Intermediate school	0.151***	0.143***	−0.082	−0.092
	(0.055)	(0.055)	(0.057)	(0.056)
Secondary school	0.029	0.024	-0.087	-0.090
	(0.057)	(0.057)	(0.056)	(0.056)
Higher education	−0.050	−0.054	−0.198**	−0.204***
	(0.091)	(0.091)	(0.078)	(0.078)
Health status	−0.212***	−0.185***	−0.158***	−0.126***
	(0.046)	(0.049)	(0.047)	(0.047)
Wealth index	0.018	0.010	0.029	0.018
	(0.012)	(0.012)	(0.012)	(0.012)
Pseudo R 2	0.0905	0.0927	0.0994	0.1021
Pseudo-log likelihood	−7165.184	−7148.340	−6935.431	−6913.946
Observations	8,655	8,655	8,490	8,490

Note: Standard errors in parentheses. Significance levels: ***p <0.01, **p <0.05, *p <0.1