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. 2021 Apr 15;11(13):6251–6277. doi: 10.7150/thno.57689

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Molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of thyroid-specific genes, including NIS in RAI-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer. (A) Epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation and histone modification, and bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4). (B) Nuclear receptors RAR, PPARɣ, LXRß and ERRɣ. (C) Autophagy. (D) MicroRNAs and PBF. Abbreviations: Ac: acetylation; BRD4: bromodomain-containing protein; DNMT1: DNA methyltransferase 1; ERRɣ: estrogen-related receptor ɣ; HDAC: histone deacetylase; HMGB1: high mobility group box 1; LXRß: liver X receptor ß; miR: microRNA; mTORC1: mTOR complex 1; PBF: pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 (PTTG1)-binding factor; PPARɣ: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ɣ; RAR: retinoic acid receptor; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RXR: retinoid X receptor. Images were created with BioRender.com.