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. 2021 Apr 15;11(13):6251–6277. doi: 10.7150/thno.57689

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Comprehensive molecular mechanisms related to RAI refractoriness in differentiated thyroid cancer. Abbreviations: 4E-BP: 4E-binding protein; Ac: acetylation; BRD4: bromodomain-containing protein; DNMT1: DNA methyltransferase 1; ERRɣ: estrogen-related receptor ɣ; FoxP3: forkhead transcription factor 3; HDAC: histone deacetylase; HMGB1: high mobility group box 1; IκB: inhibitory κB; LXRß: liver X receptor ß; TERT: telomerase reverse transcriptase; TSHR: TSH receptor; miR: microRNA; mTORC1: mTOR complex 1; mTORC2: mTOR complex 2; P: phosphorylation. NECD: notch extracellular domain; NICD: notch intracellular domain; NOX4: NADPH oxidase 4; P: phosphorylation; PBF: pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 (PTTG1)-binding factor; PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog; RAR: retinoic acid receptor; PPARɣ: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ɣ; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RAR: retinoic acid receptor; RXR: retinoid X receptor; TERT: telomerase reverse transcriptase; Ub: ubiquitination. Image was created with BioRender.com.