Table 2.

Various dual-drug combinations in nanocarriers for reversing cancer MDR

Nanoformulation	Drug combinations	Reversal mechanism of MDR	Target	Refs.
Polymeric micelle	DOX and HCPT	Evade the recognition of drug efflux pumps by π-π stacking and collateral sensitivity between dual drugs	Breast cancer	27
	DOX and APA	Recover the chemosensitivity by competitively inhibiting P-gp activity	Breast cancer	55
	DOX and LPA	Inhibit MDR transporters by LPA interacting with the substrate-binding site	Breast cancer	103
	DOX and TPGS2000	TPGS2000-mediated inhibition of P-gp pump activity by reducing MMP and depletion of ATP	Breast cancer	77
	MDR-1 siRNA and DOX	Bypass P-gp-mediated DOX resistance through siRNA silencing P-gp	Breast cancer	76
	DOX and DSF	Evade drug resistance by disulfiram blocking the activity of P-gp	Breast cancer	81
	Ceramide and PTX	Overcome PTX resistance by ceramide-mediated aggravation of cell apoptosis	Ovarian cancer	104
Polymeric nanoparticle	DOX and CyA	Inhibit MDR by CyA directly binding to P-gp drug pump	Leukemia	105
	DOX and CUR	Reverse MDR by the downregulated expression of P-gp	Ovarian cancer	98
	PDTC and DOX	Block chemoresistance by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway	Liver cancer	106
	GEM and [FeFe]TPP	Reverse MDR by H2 causing the reduction of P-gp efflux pump function	Bladder cancer	107
	DOX and BNN6	Overcome DOX resistance by NO inhibiting the expression of P-gp	Ovarian cancer	108
Liposome	CDDP and Bcl-2/Survivin/P-gp siRNAs	Reverse MDR by blocking apoptosis and P-gp mediated resistance pathways	Ovarian cancer	109
	DOX and VER	Overcome DOX resistance by VER inhibiting P-gp activity	Breast cancer	110
	RanGTP and DOX	Reverse Ran-mediated MDR by inhibiting the Ran DNA damage repair function	Breast cancer	41
	PTX and TCS	Overcome PTX resistance by TCS reversing PTX-caused caspase 9 phosphorylation and inducing caspase 3-dependent apoptosis	Lung cancer	111
	PTX and DETA NONOate	Reverse PTX resistance by NO-mediated downregulation of P-gp	Lung cancer	112
MSN	DOX and CTAB	CTAB-mediated inhibition of P-gp activity by depletion of ATP	Breast cancer	113
	P-gp siRNA and DOX	Recover DOX sensitivity by siRNA silencing the expression of P-gp	Breast cancer	114
Nanogel	CDDP and DOX	Overcome drug resistance by synergistic chemotherapy	Breast cancer	48
	PTX and MDR1 siRNA	Recover PTX sensitivity by siRNA knocking down MDR1	Ovarian cancer	115