Figure 5.

The inhibitory effect of RGD-EV_ReN on inflammatory response after cerebral ischemia. Intravenous administrations of PBS, RGD-4C-decorated EV₂₉₃ (RGD-EV₂₉₃), EV_ReN, scrambled peptide-decorated EV_ReN (Scr-EV_ReN), or RGD-4C-decorated EV_ReN (RGD-EV_ReN) were performed on mice receiving 1 h of MCAO and 12 h of reperfusion. (A) RT-PCR analyses (n = 5) of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the tissue of lesion region were performed 12 h after administration (24 h after reperfusion). (B) ELISA analyses (n = 5) of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the supernatant of homogenized lesion tissue were performed 24 h after administration (36 h after reperfusion). (C) Representative fluorescence images of Iba1-stained microglia at peri-infarct areas 24 h after administration (36 h after reperfusion). Scale bar, 50 µm. (D) Quantitative analysis (n = 5) showing the fluorescence intensity of Iba1 per cell corresponding to C. The sham groups were used as negative control. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 versus the PBS groups, and ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01 by One-way ANOVA.