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. 2021 Apr 30;11:649815. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.649815

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Copyright © 2021 R. S.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Diagrammatic representation of biosynthesis of estradiol in the peripheral tissues. High levels of circulatory E1S (estrone sulfate) has been reported especially in post menopausal women. Estrone sulfatase (STS) converts E1S into estrone (E1) in the peripheral tissues, which subsequently gets reduced to estradiol (E2) by type I 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (17, β-HSD). Estradiol in the tissues binds to intracytoplasmic or membrane Estrogen Receptors (ERs) and carries out its function. Development of STS inhibitors and 17, β-HSD inhibitors are in the preclinical stage. E1, Estrone; E2, Estradiol; E1S, Estrone sulphate; E1 STS, Estrone sulfatase; E1 ST, (Estrone sulfotransferase). (Reproduced from: Jayshree R.S., et al., Med J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 8(2): 1136. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3438-2_31).