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. 2021 Apr 30;12:644886. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.644886

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Copyright © 2021 Yang, Sun, Yao, Li, Xu, Zhang, Liu, Zhou, Song, Zhang and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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BEL inhibits Smads signaling in CFs (A) The effects of different doses of BEL (15, 30, 60 μM) on the expression of Smads2, 3, and 4 and the level of P-Smads2, 3 induced by TGF-β1 using immunofluorescence staining. Cell nuclei was counterstained in blue with DAPI (B–F) Bar graphs show quantitative analyses of fluorescent signals for P-Smads2, Smads2, P-Smads2, Smad3, and Smad4 (G–I) Western blotting detects Smad proteins expression and phosphorylation levels. Bar graphs show fold changes of P-Smad2/Smad2, P-Smad3/Smad3, and Smad4/GAPDH (n = 3). Data were shown as mean ± SEM. **p < 0.01 vs. control, ^# p < 0.05 vs. TGF-β1, ^## p < 0.01 vs. TGF-β1.