Table 2.
Cox hazard analysis for clinical outcomes between the low and high trimethylamine N‐oxide groups
| Low TMAO no. of events/patients | High TMAO no. of events/patients | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted HR (95% CI) a | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary composite outcomes | 20/73 | 34/73 | 2.06 (1.18–3.58) | 0.01 | 1.91 (1.01–3.62) | <0.05 |
| Cardiac cause death | 5/73 | 14/73 | 3.31 (1.19 9.21) | 0.02 | 2.03 (0.62–6.64) | 0.10 |
| HF hospitalization | 18/73 | 29/73 | 1.93 (1.07 3.49) | 0.03 | 1.96 (0.99–3.87) | 0.05 |
CI, confidence interval; HF, heart failure; HR, hazard ratio; TMAO, trimethylamine N‐oxide.
a
Adjusted for propensity scores for high TMAO levels (age, sex, prior hospitalization for HF, haemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, estimated glomerular filtration rate, free carnitine, acylcarnitine, and the acylcarnitine to free carnitine ratio).