Table 3.

Giant cell myocarditis case reports included in the literature review

Author	Published date	Age	Sex	Presentation	ECG findings	Outcome	LVEF (%)	RVEF (%)	LGE in CMR
									LGE location			LGE pattern
									LV	Septum	RV
Shonk et al.	2005	33	F	Palpitation, syncope	VT	HT	49	25	Anterior	Left side	Free wall	SED
Azarine et al.	2009	17	M	Fatigue, dyspnoea	Sinus tachycardia	HT	12	10	Lateral	Right side	NI	SED, SEP, MW
Ali et al.	2011	57	M	Breathlessness, pre‐syncope	VT, RBBB, ST‐segment changes	HT	40–45	Impaired	NI	Right side	Diffuse	SED, TM
Ashikaga et al.	2013	67	M	Nausea, fever	VT, AV block	Survival with IS	35	NA	Anterior	Right side	NI	SED, SEP
Sujino et al.	2014	73	F	Chest pain, dyspnoea	VT, ST changes	Death	20.8	NA	Inferior, anterolateral	Both sides	NI	SED, SEP, TM
Hayase et al.	2015	28	F	Breathlessness, palpitation	Q waves, ST‐segment changes, T‐wave changes	Survival	63	NA	Inferior	Both sides	NI	SED
Ammirati et al.	2016	31	M	Dyspnoea	VT, ST‐segment changes	Survival with IS	30	NA	Anterior, inferior	NI	NI	SEP
Ziperstein et al.	2018	53	M	Chest pain, palpitations, headedness	VT, bifascicular block	HT	43	36	Anterior, inferolateral	Right side	NI	SED, SEP, MW
Fallon et al.	2019	54	F	Chest tightness, palpitations	VT	HT	32.8	NA	Anterior	Both sides	NI	SEP, TM

AV, atrioventricular; ECG, electrocardiogram; F, female; HT, heart transplantation; IS, immunosuppressant; LGE, late gadolinium enhancement; LV, left ventricle; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; M, male; MW, midwall; NA, not available; NI, not involved; RBBB, right bundle branch block pattern; RV, right ventricle; RVEF, right ventricular ejection fraction; SED, subendocardial; SEP, subepicardial; TM, transmural; VT, ventricular tachycardia.