Table 2.
Characteristics of patients with HFpEF and subjects without HF from the LIFE‐Heart study (validation cohort)
| Control (n = 1106) | HFpEF (n = 719) | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 58.6 (52.2–66.9) | 68.4 (59.9–73.7) | <0.01 |
| Female, n (%) | 391 (35) | 325 (45) | <0.01 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.0 (26.3–32.4) | 29.9 (27.3–33.7) | <0.01 |
| LV ejection fraction (%) | 63.0 (59.0–67.0) | 61.0 (56.0–66.0) | <0.01 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 137 (125–149) | 144 (130–159) | <0.01 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 85 (78–91) | 84 (75–92) | 0.26 |
| Heart rate (b.p.m.) | 69 (62–80) | 66.0 (59–78) | <0.01 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.85 (0.74–0.97) | 0.89 (0.75–1.03) | <0.01 |
| hsCRP, mg/L (%) | 1.7 (0.9–3.6) | 2.6 (1.3–5.3) | <0.01 |
| NT‐proBNP (ng/mL) | 57 (35–87) | 283 (181–542) | <0.01 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.7 (5.4–6.1) | 5.8 (5.5–6.3) | <0.01 |
| NYHA functional class | |||
| NYHA I, n (%) | 709 (64) | 362 (50) | <0.01 |
| NYHA II, n (%) | 336 (31) | 272 (38) | <0.01 |
| NYHA III/IV, n (%) | 61 (5) | 85 (12) | <0.01 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors, n (%) | |||
| Arterial hypertension, n (%) | 843 (76) | 637 (89) | <0.01 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 219 (20) | 103 (14) | <0.01 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 290 (26) | 236 (33) | 0.01 |
| Dyslipidaemia, n (%) (LAB/treatment) | 715 (65) | 478 (67) | 0.45 |
| Dyslipidaemia, n (%) (LAB) | 482 (44) | 248 (35) | <0.01 |
| Obesity, n (%) | 451 (41) | 354 (49) | <0.01 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 320 (30) | 287 (41) | <0.01 |
| Peripheral arterial disease, n (%) | 52 (5) | 47 (7) | 0.09 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 18 (2) | 89 (12) | <0.01 |
| ACEI/ARB, n (%) | 738 (67) | 558 (78) | <0.01 |
| Beta‐blocker, n (%) | 564 (51) | 516 (72) | <0.01 |
| Aldosterone antagonist, n (%) | 15 (1) | 23 (3) | 0.01 |
| Diuretic, n (%) | 144 (13) | 216 (30) | <0.01 |
| LV mass index (g/m2) | 115 (94–138) | 128 (107–155) | <0.01 |
| E/e′ mean ratio (cm/s) | 8.0 (6.6–9.7) | 10.1 (7.9–13.0) | <0.01 |
| LA volume index (mL/m2) | 22.8 (18.8–28.1) | 27.1 (20.9–31.8) | 0.01 |
| TAPSE (mm) | 20.0 (19.0–23.0) | 20.0 (19.0–23.0) | 0.66 |
ACEI, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; HF, heart failure; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; hsCRP, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein; LA, left atrial; LAB, based on laboratory lipid profiling; LV, left ventricular; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion.