Figure 1.

Cardiovascular ageing: metabolomics and associated approaches. The curved arrow depicts the course of cardiovascular (CV) ageing starting with normal health. Proposed underlying disease mechanisms are highlighted (left). As cardiovascular ageing progresses through the stages, tools such as CV imaging and metabolomics may be useful for detecting CV changes and disease mechanisms (unidirectional dashed arrows). As cardiovascular ageing becomes clinically apparent, insights from these changes and mechanisms may continue to assist in formulating and personalizing treatment strategies (bidirectional arrows). BP, blood pressure.