Table 2.
Diagnostic results at serial follow‐up after MCS implantation (n = 105)
| 6 months after implant | 12 months after implant | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD) | 24.5 ± 3.5 | 25.7 ± 5.0 | <0.001 |
| CPET results | |||
| Max workload (Watt, mean ± SD) | 105 ± 35 | 114 ± 40 | <0.001 |
| VO2 (L/min, mean ± SD) | 1.26 ± 0.42 | 1.35 ± 0.46 | <0.001 |
| VO2% predicted (mean ± SD) | 53 ± 12 | 57 ± 12 | <0.001 |
| VO2/kg (mL/kg/min, mean ± SD) | 16.5 ± 5.0 | 17.2 ± 5.5 | 0.008 |
| VO2/kg % predicted (mean ± SD) | 52 ± 12 | 55 ± 13 | <0.001 |
| Anaerobic threshold (mean ± SD) | 10.8 ± 3.1 | 12.1 ± 3.7 | <0.001 |
| Respiratory exchange ratio (mean ± SD) | 1.21 ± 0.11 | 1.18 ± 0.11 | 0.021 |
| EqCO2 (mean ± SD) | 36.0 ± 6.0 | 36.7 ± 5.8 | 0.162 |
| Max heart rate (bpm, mean ± SD) | 141 ± 26 | 144 ± 26 | 0.094 |
| Percentage of max predicted heart rate (mean ± SD) | 83 ± 14 | 85 ± 14 | 0.055 |
| Echocardiography | |||
| LVEDD (mean ± SD) | 59 ± 12 | 58 ± 12 | 0.073 |
| TAPSE (mean ± SD) | 12 ± 3 | 13 ± 3 | 0.637 |
| TDI‐RV (mean ± SD) | 6.1 ± 1.6 | 6.4 ± 2.1 | 0.640 |
| Aortic valve opening (%) | 18/68 (17%) | 20/60 (19%) | 0.302 |
| Laboratory results | |||
| Haemoglobin level (g/dL, mean ± SD) | 0.78 ± 0.35 | 0.88 ± 0.35 | 0.165 |
| Bilirubin (mg/dL, mean ± SD) | 12.9 ± 1.5 | 13.4 ± 1.6 | <0.001 |
| BNP level (pg/mL, mean ± SD) | 151 ± 113 | 190 ± 143 | 0.398 |
| Kidney function, eGFR >60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (%) | 85/104 (81%) | 80/104 (76%) | 0.227 |
| Kidney function, eGFR 30–60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (%) | 19/104 (18%) | 24/104 (23%) | 0.344 |
| Heart failure medication II | |||
| ACE inhibitor/ARB (%) | 54/97 (56%) | 56/94 (60%) | 0.289 |
| Beta‐blocker (%) | 11/97 (11%) | 17/94 (18%) | 0.063 |
| Antihypertensive (%) | 6/97 (6%) | 7/94 (7%) | 1.000 |
| Anti‐arrhythmics (%) | 44/97 (45%) | 47/94 (50%) | 0.727 |
| Sildenafil (%) | 24/97 (25%) | 23/94 (24%) | 1.000 |
| Diuretic (%) | 59/96 (62%) | 52/93 (56%) | 0.092 |
ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; BNP, B‐type natriuretic peptide; CPET, cardiopulmonary exercise test; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; EqCO2, ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide; II ACE inhibitor, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; LVEDD, two‐dimensional left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter, measured in parasternal long axis (mm); percentage of max predicted heart rate: predicted maximal heart rate, 220‐age; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (mm); TDI‐RV, peak systolic tissue Doppler value of the right ventricle (cm/s); VO2(/kg) % predicted, percentage of predicted value according to Jones (mL/kg/min).