. 2021 Mar 15;8(3):2045–2057. doi: 10.1002/ehf2.13283

Table 2.

Selected data for all studies

Author	Subjects	Age (years)	Follow‐up	RRT—modality^a Duration (months)	Primary outcome measure findings	NOS	Comments
Hayer et al.⁵⁰ UK CMR	Transplant group: 24 live donor recipients Control group: 18 healthy controls	Transplant group: 46 ± 13 Control group: 49 ± 17	2 months	HD 11 PD 3 Duration 13 (IQR 8–33)	No significant reduction in LVMI (g/m²) from baseline 89 ± 38 to follow‐up 83 ± 23	Fair	Prospective Blinded Controlled
Hamidi et al.³⁰ Iran 2D Echo^b	25 recipients on HD	44.64 ± 13.91	1 month	HD 25 Duration 56. ± 9.7	Significant reductions in LVMI (g/m²) −73.82 ± 11.6, P < 0.001, and relative wall thickness 0.056 ± 0.023, P = 0.021	Poor	Prospective Single blinded Non‐controlled
Prasad et al.⁴⁸ UK CMR	Transplant group: 39 live donor recipients Control group: 43 on local waiting list	Transplant group: 46.5 ± 12.4 Control group: 55.5 ± 11	12 months	Transplant group: HD 27 PD 12 Control group: HD 31 PD 12 Duration NS	No difference in LVMI (g/m²) change at 1 year between recipients −1.98 ± 5.5 and waiting list patients −0.36 ± 5.7 g/m²; P = 0.44	Good	Prospective Single blinded Controlled
Hewing et al.³¹ Germany 2D Echo^b	31 recipients	44 year range: 19–85	Median 19 months	HD 23 Duration 33.5 (IQR 10.0–72.3)	Significant reduction in LVMI (g/m²) 111. 2 (IQR 88.7–150.6) to 103.8 (IQR 78.4–113.8); P = 0.001. No change observed in LV diastolic function	Poor	Retrospective Non‐blinded Non‐controlled
An et al.²⁵ Korea 2D Echo^b	767 recipients	45.0 ± 11.5	1 week 1 year 5 years	HD 495 PD 108 Duration NS	Significant reductions in LVMI (g/m²) at 1 and 5 years compared with pre‐transplant and 1 week; P < 0.001. Baseline 129.1 (IQR 103.0–161.6), 1 week 130.4 (IQR 103.7–161.6), 1 year 119.9 (IQR 96.5–150.4), and 5 years 110.0 (IQR 90.4–137.2); P < 0.001	Poor	Retrospective Non‐blinded Non‐controlled
Hawwa et al.⁴⁷ USA 2D Echo^b	232 recipients	54 ± 12	422 days (median)	HD 163 PD 31 Duration 26 (IQR 8–24)	Significant reduction in LVMI (g/m²) pre‐transplant 132 ± 46 and post‐transplant 125 ± 42; P = 0.32	Poor	Retrospective Non‐blinded Non‐controlled
Deng et al.²⁸ USA 2D Echo^b	48 recipients with no history of MI, cardiomyopathy, CHF, arrhythmias, or OSA	Range (36–67)	6 months	NS NS	Significant reduction in LVMI (g/m²) from 104.00 ± 16.47 to 95.50 ± 21.44; P = 0.043	Poor	Prospective Single blinded Non‐controlled
Salerno et al.⁴⁵ Italy 2D Echo^b	104 recipients, two alternative immunosuppression strategies; CNI + EVE (28) or CNI + MMF (76)	CNI + EVE: 47.5 ± 13.1 CNI + MMF: 47.8 ± 12.1	36 months	CNI + EVE: RRT 28 Duration 48 ± 37.2 CNI + MMF: RRT 76 Duration 39.6 ± 37.2	No significant difference between immunosuppression groups. Both showed significant reductions in LVMI (g/m²) at 3 years in everolimus group 126.5 ± 46.4 to 121.9 ± 39.4 and in the mycophenolate group 116.6 ± 38.3 to 113 ± 28.9; P < 0.05	Poor	Retrospective Non‐blinded Non‐controlled
Vaidya et al.⁴⁶ USA 2D Echo^b	105 recipients with ≥1 year of CKD prior to Tx	53.8 ± 12.3	Mean 2.2 years	RRT 87 Duration 36 ± 36	57 participants had significant LVMI (g/m²) decrease, mean difference −37.2 ± 31.3, and 48 had no regression mean difference 15.7 ± 17.1. The extent of the LVMI before transplant was the only predictor of LVMI regression odds ratio 1.50 (95% CI 1.26–1.80)	Poor	Retrospective Non‐blinded Non‐controlled
Souza et al.⁴² Brazil 2D Echo^b	40 live donor recipients	31.6 ± 12.7	1 month 3 months 6 months	NS Duration NS	Significant reduction in LVMI (g/m²) from baseline 131.48 ± 38.93, to 1 month 126.41 ± 29.45, P < 0.05, to 3 months 128.81 ± 30.71 and 6 months 113.03 ± 29.99 (P = 0.02 comparison between 6 months and baseline. No significant difference between other follow‐up times and baseline)	Poor	Prospective Non‐blinded Non‐controlled
Namazi et al.³⁹ Iran Echo modality NS	47 recipients with no history of cardiovascular disease	Range 23–56	4 months	HD 16 PD 4 NS	Significant reduction in LVMI (g/m²) from baseline 120 to 110 (SD not given); P = 0.002	Poor	Prospective Non‐blinded Non‐controlled
Patel et al.⁴⁹ UK CMR	Transplant group: 25 transplant recipients Control group: 25 patients transplant waiting list	Transplant group: 45.9 ± 14.4 Control group: 52.7 ± 10.4	Mean 1.8 (±0.9)	Transplant group: HD 10 Duration 36 ± 36 Control group: HD 12 Duration 28 ± 31	No difference in LVMI change (%/year) between recipients and those who remained on the waiting list, 2.75 ± 9.1 vs. 3.6 ± 16.7; P = 0.10	Good	Prospective Single blinded Controlled
Keven et al.³⁵ Turkey 2D Echo^b	Transplant group: 28 recipients on HD Control group: 23 controls on HD	34 ± 9	12 months	Transplant group: HD 23 Duration 40 ± 35 Control group: HD 23 Duration 52 ± 20	No change in LVMI (g/m²) between transplant 132 ± 38 and HD 145 ± 38; P < 0.05	Fair	Prospective Non‐blinded Controlled
Iqbal et al.³⁴ Bangladesh 2D Echo^b						Poor	Retrospective Non‐blinded Non‐controlled
‐ Group 1	22 recipients	31 ± 9	3 months	NS Duration 5 ± 1.2	LVMI (g/m²) reduced at 3 months from 379 ± 114 to 248 ± 58 g/m² (P < 0.001)
‐ Group 2	30 recipients	31 ± 8	3 months 6 months 12 months	NS Duration 7 ± 3	LVMI (g/m²) reduced significantly from baseline 275 ± 91, at 3 months 191 ± 38, 6 months 173 ± 39, and 12 months 159 ± 26; P < 0.001
Hernández et al.⁴³ Spain 2D Echo^b	60 divided based on the presence of LVH at baseline	LVH: 52 ± 12 No LVH: 48 ± 12	19 months	HD 43 PD 17 Duration 12 (IQR 6–24)	52% (23) of participants with no LVH at baseline developed LVH or >20% increase in LVMI at follow‐up; 22% (8) participants with LVH at baseline showed regression to normal at follow‐up	Poor	Prospective Non‐blinded Non‐controlled
Montanaro et al.³⁸ USA Echo modality NS	23 recipients without diabetes	43 ± 10	24 months	HD 17 PD 7 Duration 33 ± 12	LVMI (g/m²) reduced at 24 months from 161.4 ± 48.2 to 122.1 ± 27.7 (P < 0.007)	Poor	Retrospective Non‐blinded Non‐controlled
Ferreira et al.²⁹ Brazil 2D Echo^b	24 recipients on RRT	33.5 ± 10.0	3 months 6 months 12 months	HD 21 PD 3 Duration 23 (range 9–119)	LVMI (g/m²) reduced at 12 months from 164.6 ± 47.0 to 130.5 ± 39.8 (P = 0.004). The incidence of LVH decreased from 75% to 52.1% 12 months after transplant	Poor	Prospective Non‐blinded Non‐controlled
Sahagun‐Sanchez et al.⁴¹ Mexico 2D Echo^b	13 recipients on HD	33.64 ± 10.13	3 months 4 months	HD 13 Duration 35.5 (SD NS)	Reduction in LVMI (g/m²) from baseline 102.8 ± 27.7 to 3 months 83.5 ± 18.1 and 4 months 71.5 ± 16.2; P = 0.001	Poor	Prospective Non‐blinded Non‐controlled
McGregor et al.³⁷ UK 2D Echo^b	67 recipients on RRT	38.3 (18.7–64.5)	4 months	RRT 67 Duration NS	No significant change in LVMI (g/m²) from baseline 143 (range 61–48) to 4 months 145 (range 62–37) (P = 0.71)	Poor	Retrospective Non‐blinded Non‐controlled
Hernandez et al.⁴⁴ Spain 2D Echo^b	38 on RRT, stratified according genotype DD or ID + II of intron 16 of the ACE gene	DD: 46.2 ± 4.1 ID + II: 45.2 ± 2.9	6 months 12 months	RRT 38 Duration DD: 32.3 ± 10.7 ID + II: 26.4 ± 7.3	LVMI increased at 12 months in those with DD genotype from 166.6 ± 10.4 to 201.5 ± 21.6; P < 0.05. There was no change in LVMI in the ID + II groups 181.3 ± 9.1 to 176.9 ± 9.4; P > 0.05	Poor	Prospective Non‐blinded Non‐controlled
Palfrey et al.⁴⁰ Canada 2D Echo^b	102 recipients	37 ± 12	12 months	HD 72 PD 27 Duration 15 ± 15	LVMI (g/m²) reduced from baseline 158 ± 39 to 1 year 132 ± 39; P < 0.001	Poor	Prospective Non‐blinded Non‐controlled
De Lima et al.²⁷ Brazil 2D Echo^b	Transplant group: 17 live donor recipients Control group: 36 on HD	Transplant group: 44 ± 13 Control group: 40.5 ± 10	15 months	HD 74 Duration minimum 12 months	No change in LVMI (g/m²) in recipients 156.7 ± 51.3 vs. 132.9 ± 31.0, P > 0.05, or controls 170.6 ± 50.8 vs. 155.6 ± 43.1, P > 0.05	Poor	Prospective Non‐blinded Controlled
De Castro et al.²⁶ Italy 2D Echo^b	23 non‐diabetic recipients on HD	39.1 ± 13.7	1 year	HD 23 Duration 15 ± 14.3	LVMI (g/m²) decreased from 157.78 ± 53.5 to 108.1 ± 19.5 (P‐value not stated)	Poor	Prospective Non‐blinded Non‐controlled
Huting³² Germany 2D Echo^b	24 recipients on HD	47 ± 12	Mean 41 ± 30 months	HD 24 Duration 50 ± 29	No change in LVMI (g/m²) from baseline 175 ± 48 to follow‐up 171 ± 49; P = 0.05	Poor	Prospective Non‐blinded Non‐controlled
Larsson et al.³⁶ Sweden M‐mode^c	Transplant group: 27 recipients with juvenile onset diabetes. Control group: 27 healthy men	Transplant group: 33 range (27–45) Control group: 26 ± 2	Transplant group: 6 months 13 months 44 months Control group: single echo	HD 6 Duration NS	LVMI (g/m²) decreased from baseline 176 ± 51, to 6 months 143 ± 44, 13 months 133 ± 44, and 44 months 111 ± 22; P < 0.01	Poor	Prospective Non‐blinded Controlled
Ikaheimo et al.³³ Finland M‐mode^c	13 recipients on HD	31 (20–50)	9 months	13 Duration NS	LVMI (g/m²) decreased from baseline pre‐HD session 197.7 ± 44.8 and post‐HD session 143.5 ± 47.3 to 143.5 ± 47.3, P = 0.001, after transplant	Poor	Prospective Non‐blinded Non‐controlled

ACE, angiotensin‐converting enzyme; CHF, congestive heart failure; CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging; CNI, calcineurin inhibitor; D, deletion; EVE, everolimus; HD, haemodialysis; I, insertion; IQR, inter‐quartile range; LV, left ventricular; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; NOS, Newcastle–Ottawa score; NS, not stated; OSA, obstructive sleep apnoea; PD, peritoneal dialysis; RRT, renal replacement therapy; SD, standard deviation; Tx, transplantation.

^{^a}

2D Echo: acquisition of two‐dimensional images of cardiac structures.

^{^b}

M‐mode: acquisition of monodimensional view of cardiac structures along a single ultrasound line.

^{^c}

RRT indicates number receiving dialysis where a specific modality is not specified.