TABLE 6.
Cardiac and non-cardiac drugs associated with Brugada Syndrome.
| Drugs able to unmask Brugada type 1 pattern, and to be avoided in patients with diagnosis of Brugada Syndrome. |
| •Antiarrhythmic drugs*: Ajmaline, allapinin, ethacizine, flecainide, pilsicainide, procainamide, propafenone |
| •Psychotropic drugs: Amitriptyline, clomipramine, desipramine, lithium, loxapine, nortriptyline, oxcarbazepine, trifluoperazine anesthetics/analgesics*: bupivacaine, procaine, propofol |
| •Other substances: Acetylcholine, alcohol (toxicity), cannabis, cocaine, ergonovine |
| *For furthers advices please visit www.brugadadrugs.org/emergencies |
| Drugs preferably avoided in patients with diagnosis of Brugada Syndrome. |
| •Antiarrhythmic drugs: Amiodarone, cibenzoline, disopyramide, lidocaine**, propranolol, verapamil, vernakalant |
| •Psychotropic drugs: Bupropion, carbamazepine, clothiapine, cyamemazine, dosulepine, doxepin, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, imipramine, lamotrigine, maprotiline, paroxetine, perphenazine, phenytoin, thioridazine |
| •Anesthetics/analgesics: Ketamine, tramadol other substances: Dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramine, edrophonium, indapamide, metoclopramide, terfenadine/Fexofenadine |
| **lidocaine use for local anesthesia (e.g., by dentists) does seem to be safe if the amount administered is low and if it is combined with adrenaline (epinephrine) which results in a local effect only |
| Further recommendations |
| •Recreational drugs (alcohol, cocaine) are also potentially dangerous in susceptible patients |
| •In case of fever, electrocardiographic monitoring is appropriate in combination with lowering of body temperature (e.g., by paracetamol/acetaminophen) |
| •Possible active drugs may be present in medications containing a combination of drugs |
| •The presence or absence of a specific drug on this list do not preclude a certain harmful or safe use of that specific drug in this patient respectively |
| •For most recent recommendations (and disclaimer) on drugs to be avoided by brugada syndrome patients, please visit http://www.brugadadrugs.org |