Table 1.
Clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of in HIV negative patients with PJP
| Total (n = 88) |
Survivors (n = 49) |
Non-survivors (n = 39) |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, years | 58 (42–64) | 58 (48–64) | 55 (40–63) | 0.559 |
| Sex (male) | 37 (42%) | 22 (45%) | 15 (39%) | 0.543 |
| Underlying lung disease | 30 (34%) | 12 (24%) | 18 (49%) | 0.033 |
| Immunosuppressive conditions | ||||
| Autoimmune diseases | 61 (69%) | 32 (66%) | 29 (74%) | 0.360 |
| Hematologic disorder | 6 (7%) | 4 (8%) | 2 (5%) | 0.609 |
| Hematologic malignancy | 5 (6%) | 1 (2%) | 4 (10%) | 0.098 |
| Solid cancer | 8 (9%) | 5 (10%) | 3 (8%) | 0.684 |
| Other diseasea | 8 (9%) | 7 (14%) | 1 (3%) | 0.057 |
| Laboratory values on admission | ||||
| Albumin, g/L | 27 (24–31) | 29 (25–32) | 26 (24–29) | 0.027 |
| LDH, U/L | 566 (422–718) | 460 (332–612) | 656 (557–946) | < 0.001 |
| PaO2, mmHg | 53 (46–59) | 56 (47–61) | 51 (39–59) | 0.174 |
| D(A-a)O2, mmHg | 60 (52–68) | 60 (53–66) | 61 (52–69) | 0.157 |
| Creatinine, mg/d | 68 (53–110) | 65 (53–94) | 69 (54–115) | 0.146 |
| CRP, mg/dL | 12 (6–80) | 9 (5–63) | 21 (6–114) | 0.629 |
| Flow cytometry on admissionb | ||||
| Lymphocyte count (× 106 g/L) | 360 (237–711) | 499 (280–1032) | 301 (160–406) | 0.162 |
| CD19+ B, cell/μL | 36 (11–102) | 55 (18–141) | 34 (8–64) | 0.346 |
| CD16 + CD56+ NK, cell/μL | 34 (14–73) | 50 (26–83) | 22 (7–46) | 0.014 |
| CD3+ T, cell/μL | 297 (174–662) | 517 (234–871) | 209 (138–330) | < 0.001 |
| CD4+ T, cell/μL | 120 (48–232) | 149 (82–314) | 81 (35–145) | 0.004 |
| CD8+ T, cell/μL | 151 (78–356) | 239 (101–455) | 114 (59–204) | < 0.001 |
| CD4+/CD8+ ratio | 0.53 (0.31–1.38) | 0.6 (0.3–1.4) | 0.6 (0.4–1.5) | 0.971 |
| Immuosuppressive conditions | ||||
| CS exposure time, month | 3 (2–42) | 4 (2–22) | 3 (2–53) | 0.490 |
| CS ≤ 40 mg/d | 56 (64%) | 30 (61%) | 26 (67%) | 0.598 |
| 500 mg/d > CS ≥ 80 mg/d | 5 (6%) | 2 (4%) | 3 (8%) | 0.467 |
| CS ≥ 500 mg/d | 8 (9%) | 2 (4%) | 6 (15%) | 0.067 |
| Non-steroidal immunosuppressive therapy | ||||
| Cyclophosphamide | 33 (38%) | 17 (35%) | 16 (41%) | 0.542 |
| Methotrexate | 9 (10%) | 4 (8%) | 5 (13%) | 0.474 |
| Mycophenolate mofetil | 8 (9%) | 6 (12%) | 2 (5%) | 0.249 |
| Azathioprine | 2 (2%) | 1 (2%) | 1 (3%) | 0.870 |
| Leflunomide | 8 (9%) | 4 (8%) | 4 (10%) | 0.734 |
| Tacrolimus | 5 (6%) | 2 (4%) | 3 (8%) | 0.467 |
| CS + immunosuppressive drug | 52 (59%) | 27 (55%) | 25 (64%) | 0.394 |
| Chemotherapy | 14 (16%) | 6 (12%) | 8 (21%) | 0.292 |
| Imaging manifestations | ||||
| Ground glass opacity | 69 (78%) | 38 (79%) | 31 (84%) | 0.826 |
| Consolidations | 20 (23%) | 10 (21%) | 10 (27%) | 0.561 |
| Co-infections | ||||
| Bacterial | 26 (30%) | 13 (27%) | 12 (31%) | 0.661 |
| Viral | 55 (63%) | 30 (61%) | 25 (64%) | 0.780 |
| Fungal | 16 (18%) | 10 (20%) | 6 (15%) | 0.544 |
| Clinical progression | ||||
| Symptoms onset to treatment, days | 7 (4–15) | 8 (5–16) | 7 (3–12) | 0.359 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 44 (50%) | 10 (20%) | 34 (87%) | < 0.001 |
aOthers: Severe combined immunodeficiency, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and solid organ transplantation
bNormal reference value: CD19+ B 180–324 cell/μL, CD16 + CD56+ NK 175–567 cell/μL, CD3+ T 1185–1901 cell/μL, CD4+ T 561–1137 cell/μL, CD8+ T 404–754 cell/μL, and CD4+/CD8+ ratio 0.95–2.13
Data are presented as median (interquartile range) and n (%)