Table 4.
COVID-19 case numbers: Direct and indirect effects for the SAR model. The significance level symbols are as before.
| Variable | Coeff. | (Std. Err.) |
|---|---|---|
| Indirect (spillover) effects | ||
| Early cases | −3.37**. | (0.79) |
| Pers. nursing | −1.48† | (0.78) |
| Academics | −14.29** | (5.22) |
| Mean age | −47.10† | (28.67) |
| Over 75 | 58.39* | (28.55) |
| Physicians | 16.76* | (6.98) |
| fe expectancy | −69.75** | (23.45) |
| Pop. density | −0.17** | (0.05) |
| Pupils | 17.91† | (9.87) |
| Childcare | 4.49† | (2.52) |
| Total effects | ||
| Early cases | 3.46** | (0.87) |
| Pers. nursing | 1.52* | (0.75) |
| Academics | 14.71** | (5.09) |
| Mean age | 48.46† | (28.69) |
| Over 75 | −60.07* | (28.03) |
| Physicians | −17.24* | (7.12) |
| Life expectancy | 71.76** | (23.46) |
| Pop. density | 0.17** | (0.04) |
| Pupils | −18.42† | (10.60) |
| Childcare | −4.62† | (2.57) |