Skip to main content
. 2020 Jul 5;2020(7):CD012527. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012527.pub2

Comparison 2. Resilience intervention versus control condition for healthcare professionals: subgroup analyses (primary outcomes).

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
2.1 Resilience: post‐intervention, subgroup analysis: setting 12 690 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.45 [0.25, 0.65]
2.1.1 Group setting 9 557 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.50 [0.33, 0.67]
2.1.2 Combined setting 3 133 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.15 [‐0.66, 0.97]
2.2 Resilience: post‐intervention, subgroup analysis: delivery format 12 690 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.45 [0.25, 0.65]
2.2.1 Face‐to‐face 9 500 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.47 [0.24, 0.71]
2.2.2 Combined delivery 3 190 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.37 [‐0.13, 0.88]
2.3 Resilience: post‐intervention, subgroup analysis: intensity 12 690 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.45 [0.25, 0.65]
2.3.1 Moderate intensity 2 67 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.05 [‐0.85, 0.95]
2.3.2 High intensity 9 550 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.47 [0.27, 0.66]
2.3.3 Unclear intensity 1 73 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.84 [0.36, 1.32]
2.4 Resilience: post‐intervention, subgroup analysis: theoretical foundation 12 690 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.45 [0.25, 0.65]
2.4.1 Mindfulness‐based 3 83 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.17 [‐0.48, 0.82]
2.4.2 Combination 8 534 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.46 [0.26, 0.67]
2.4.3 Unspecific resilience training 1 73 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.84 [0.36, 1.32]
2.5 Resilience: post‐intervention, subgroup analysis: comparator 12 690 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.45 [0.25, 0.65]
2.5.1 Attention control 1 21 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.36 [‐0.52, 1.24]
2.5.2 Waitlist control 5 272 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.38 [‐0.03, 0.79]
2.5.3 No intervention control 5 324 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.43 [0.17, 0.69]
2.5.4 Unspecified comparator 1 73 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.84 [0.36, 1.32]
2.6 Resilience: short‐term follow‐up (≤ 3 months), subgroup analysis: setting 11 1325 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.42 [0.17, 0.67]
2.6.1 Group setting 9 1267 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.41 [0.15, 0.68]
2.6.2 Individual setting 1 32 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.04 [0.28, 1.81]
2.6.3 Combined setting 1 26 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.17 [‐0.94, 0.60]
2.7 Resilience: short‐term follow‐up (≤ 3 months), subgroup analysis: delivery format 11 1325 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.42 [0.17, 0.67]
2.7.1 Face‐to‐face 8 1169 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.45 [0.14, 0.77]
2.7.2 Combined delivery 3 156 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.36 [‐0.04, 0.76]
2.8 Resilience: short‐term follow‐up (≤ 3 months), subgroup analysis: intensity 11 1325 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.42 [0.17, 0.67]
2.8.1 Low intensity 3 98 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.53 [‐0.14, 1.20]
2.8.2 Moderate intensity 1 733 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.05 [‐0.20, 0.09]
2.8.3 High intensity 7 494 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.46 [0.26, 0.66]
2.9 Resilience: short‐term follow‐up (≤ 3 months), subgroup analysis: theoretical foundation 11 1325 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.42 [0.17, 0.67]
2.9.1 Mindfulness‐based 1 26 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.05 [0.22, 1.88]
2.9.2 Attention and interpretation therapy 3 98 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.53 [‐0.14, 1.20]
2.9.3 Combination 6 468 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.43 [0.24, 0.62]
2.9.4 Unspecific resilience training 1 733 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.05 [‐0.20, 0.09]
2.10 Resilience: short‐term follow‐up (≤ 3 months), subgroup analysis: comparator 11 1325 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.42 [0.17, 0.67]
2.10.1 Active control 1 40 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.68 [0.04, 1.32]
2.10.2 Waitlist control 6 993 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.40 [0.01, 0.80]
2.10.3 No intervention control 4 292 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.41 [0.11, 0.71]
2.11 Depression: post‐intervention, subgroup analysis: setting 14 788 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.29 [‐0.50, ‐0.09]
2.11.1 Group setting 9 457 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.41 [‐0.69, ‐0.13]
2.11.2 Individual setting 1 134 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.34 [‐0.68, 0.01]
2.11.3 Combined setting 3 106 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.19 [‐0.32, 0.69]
2.11.4 Unclear setting 1 91 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.04 [‐0.46, 0.38]
2.12 Depression: post‐intervention, subgroup analysis: delivery format 14 788 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.29 [‐0.50, ‐0.09]
2.12.1 Face‐to‐face 10 499 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.35 [‐0.65, ‐0.05]
2.12.2 Combined delivery 3 198 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.27 [‐0.55, 0.01]
2.12.3 Unclear delivery format 1 91 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.04 [‐0.46, 0.38]
2.13 Depression: post‐intervention, subgroup analysis: intensity 14 788 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.29 [‐0.50, ‐0.09]
2.13.1 Moderate intensity 6 395 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.23 [‐0.47, 0.01]
2.13.2 High intensity 6 262 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.35 [‐0.82, 0.11]
2.13.3 Unclear intensity 2 131 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.33 [‐0.98, 0.32]
2.14 Depression: post‐intervention, subgroup analysis: theoretical foundation 14 788 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.29 [‐0.50, ‐0.09]
2.14.1 Mindfulness‐based 3 83 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.01 [‐0.42, 0.45]
2.14.2 Cognitive behavioural therapy 1 134 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.34 [‐0.68, 0.01]
2.14.3 Combination 6 293 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.44 [‐0.87, ‐0.01]
2.14.4 Unspecific resilience training 4 278 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.22 [‐0.53, 0.08]
2.15 Depression: post‐intervention, subgroup analysis: comparator 14 788 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.29 [‐0.50, ‐0.09]
2.15.1 Attention control 2 155 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.32 [‐0.64, ‐0.00]
2.15.2 Active control 1 44 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.65 [‐1.26, ‐0.04]
2.15.3 Treatment as usual 1 40 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.71 [‐1.35, ‐0.07]
2.15.4 Waitlist control 4 215 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.02 [‐0.28, 0.32]
2.15.5 No intervention control 6 334 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.33 [‐0.71, 0.05]
2.16 Stress or stress perception: post‐intervention, subgroup analysis: setting 17 997 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.61 [‐1.07, ‐0.15]
2.16.1 Group setting 15 918 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.64 [‐1.12, ‐0.15]
2.16.2 Combined setting 2 79 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.16 [‐0.85, 0.52]
2.17 Stress or stress perception: post‐intervention, subgroup analysis: delivery format 17 997 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.61 [‐1.07, ‐0.15]
2.17.1 Face‐to‐face 14 838 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.70 [‐1.26, ‐0.15]
2.17.2 Combined delivery 3 159 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.23 [‐0.81, 0.35]
2.18 Stress or stress perception: post‐intervention, subgroup analysis: intensity 17 997 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.61 [‐1.07, ‐0.15]
2.18.1 Moderate intensity 6 307 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.83 [‐2.24, 0.58]
2.18.2 High intensity 11 690 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.48 [‐0.75, ‐0.20]
2.19 Stress or stress perception: post‐intervention, subgroup analysis: theoretical foundation 17 997 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.61 [‐1.07, ‐0.15]
2.19.1 Mindfulness‐based 4 115 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.18 [‐0.63, 0.28]
2.19.2 Combination 12 843 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.79 [‐1.38, ‐0.20]
2.19.3 Unspecific resilience training 1 39 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.05 [‐0.68, 0.58]
2.20 Stress or stress perception: post‐intervention, subgroup analysis: comparator 17 997 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.61 [‐1.07, ‐0.15]
2.20.1 Attention control 1 21 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.75 [‐1.65, 0.15]
2.20.2 Active control 1 44 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.35 [‐0.95, 0.25]
2.20.3 Waitlist control 6 316 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.43 [‐0.91, 0.05]
2.20.4 No intervention control 9 616 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.74 [‐1.51, 0.02]
2.21 Stress or stress perception: short‐term follow‐up (≤ 3 months), subgroup analysis: setting 14 788 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.46 [‐0.67, ‐0.25]
2.21.1 Group setting 12 730 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.44 [‐0.67, ‐0.20]
2.21.2 Individual setting 1 32 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.92 [‐1.68, ‐0.17]
2.21.3 Combined setting 1 26 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.46 [‐1.24, 0.32]
2.22 Stress or stress perception: short‐term follow‐up (≤ 3 months), subgroup analysis: delivery format 14 788 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.46 [‐0.67, ‐0.25]
2.22.1 Face‐to‐face 10 596 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.46 [‐0.74, ‐0.18]
2.22.2 Combined delivery 4 192 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.49 [‐0.78, ‐0.20]
2.23 Stress or stress perception: short‐term follow‐up (≤ 3 months), subgroup analysis: intensity 14 788 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.46 [‐0.67, ‐0.25]
2.23.1 Low intensity 3 97 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.74 [‐1.16, ‐0.32]
2.23.2 Moderate intensity 2 76 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.46 [‐0.93, 0.01]
2.23.3 High intensity 9 615 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.40 [‐0.68, ‐0.12]
2.24 Stress or stress perception: short‐term follow‐up (≤ 3 months), subgroup analysis: theoretical foundation 14 788 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.46 [‐0.67, ‐0.25]
2.24.1 Mindfulness‐based 1 26 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.13 [‐1.97, ‐0.29]
2.24.2 Attention and interpretation therapy 3 97 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.74 [‐1.16, ‐0.32]
2.24.3 Combination 9 626 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.34 [‐0.60, ‐0.08]
2.24.4 Unspecific resilience training 1 39 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.69 [‐1.34, ‐0.04]
2.25 Stress or stress perception: short‐term follow‐up (≤ 3 months), subgroup analysis: comparator 14 788 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.46 [‐0.67, ‐0.25]
2.25.1 Active control 1 39 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.80 [‐1.45, ‐0.14]
2.25.2 Waitlist control 5 260 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.71 [‐0.96, ‐0.45]
2.25.3 No intervention control 8 489 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.28 [‐0.55, ‐0.01]
2.26 Well‐being or quality of life: post‐intervention, subgroup analysis: setting 13 1494 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.14 [‐0.01, 0.30]
2.26.1 Group setting 11 718 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.19 [0.01, 0.37]
2.26.2 Combined setting 2 776 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.02 [‐0.17, 0.13]
2.27 Well‐being or quality of life: post‐intervention, subgroup analysis: delivery format 13 1494 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.14 [‐0.01, 0.30]
2.27.1 Face‐to‐face 10 1335 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.04 [‐0.07, 0.16]
2.27.2 Combined delivery 3 159 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.40 [‐0.16, 0.95]
2.28 Well‐being or quality of life: post‐intervention, subgroup analysis: intensity 13 1494 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.14 [‐0.01, 0.30]
2.28.1 Moderate intensity 4 210 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.34 [‐0.16, 0.84]
2.28.2 High intensity 9 1284 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.06 [‐0.06, 0.17]
2.29 Well‐being or quality of life: post‐intervention, subgroup analysis: theoretical foundation 13 1494 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.14 [‐0.01, 0.30]
2.29.1 Mindfulness‐based 2 66 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.83 [0.32, 1.33]
2.29.2 Coaching 1 730 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.02 [‐0.17, 0.13]
2.29.3 Combination 9 591 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.14 [‐0.03, 0.31]
2.29.4 Unspecific resilience training 1 107 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.00 [‐0.38, 0.38]
2.30 Well‐being or quality of life: post‐intervention, subgroup analysis: comparator 13 1494 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.14 [‐0.01, 0.30]
2.30.1 Active control 1 730 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.02 [‐0.17, 0.13]
2.30.2 Waitlist control 5 309 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.41 [0.03, 0.79]
2.30.3 No intervention control 7 455 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.10 [‐0.09, 0.28]
2.31 Well‐being or quality of life: short‐term follow‐up (≤ 3 months), subgroup analysis: setting 12 1413 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.07 [‐0.04, 0.18]
2.31.1 Group setting 10 1355 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.05 [‐0.06, 0.16]
2.31.2 Individual setting 1 32 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.62 [‐0.12, 1.36]
2.31.3 Combined setting 1 26 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.00 [‐0.77, 0.77]
2.32 Well‐being or quality of life: short‐term follow‐up (≤ 3 months), subgroup analysis: delivery format 12 1413 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.07 [‐0.04, 0.18]
2.32.1 Face‐to‐face 9 1260 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.09 [‐0.06, 0.23]
2.32.2 Combined delivery 3 153 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.21 [‐0.11, 0.52]
2.33 Well‐being or quality of life: short‐term follow‐up (≤ 3 months), subgroup analysis: intensity 12 1413 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.07 [‐0.04, 0.18]
2.33.1 Low intensity 2 58 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.32 [‐0.29, 0.93]
2.33.2 Moderate intensity 3 850 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.15 [‐0.23, 0.53]
2.33.3 High intensity 7 505 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.12 [‐0.06, 0.29]
2.34 Well‐being or quality of life: short‐term follow‐up (≤ 3 months), subgroup analysis: theoretical foundation 12 1413 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.07 [‐0.04, 0.18]
2.34.1 Attention and interpretation therapy 2 58 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.32 [‐0.29, 0.93]
2.34.2 Combination 8 542 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.12 [‐0.05, 0.28]
2.34.3 Unspecific resilience training 2 813 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.19 [‐0.35, 0.73]
2.35 Well‐being or quality of life: short‐term follow‐up (≤ 3 months), subgroup analysis: comparator 12 1413 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.07 [‐0.04, 0.18]
2.35.1 Waitlist control 4 881 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.13 [‐0.15, 0.42]
2.35.2 Treatment as usual 1 80 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.51 [0.07, 0.95]
2.35.3 No intervention control 7 452 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.08 [‐0.11, 0.26]