| 1.1 Main continuous data analysis |
15 |
3141 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.28 [‐0.43, ‐0.13] |
| 1.2 Sensitivity analysis: no biochemical validation |
12 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.26 [‐0.44, ‐0.09] |
| 1.3 Sensitivity analysis: point prevalence or no abstinence definition |
5 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.40 [‐0.74, ‐0.06] |
| 1.4 Sensitivity analysis: psychoactive/psychological treatment used |
12 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.35 [‐0.49, ‐0.21] |
| 1.5 Subgroups: comparing clinical populations |
15 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.29 [‐0.45, ‐0.14] |
| 1.5.1 Chronic physical condition |
5 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.34 [‐0.61, ‐0.07] |
| 1.5.2 General (unselected) population |
5 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.25 [‐0.62, 0.11] |
| 1.5.3 Post‐surgical patients |
1 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.27 [‐0.64, 0.10] |
| 1.5.4 Pregnant |
1 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.06 [‐0.41, 0.29] |
| 1.5.5 Psychiatric condition |
3 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.33 [‐0.66, ‐0.01] |
| 1.6 Subgroups: motivation to quit |
15 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.28 [‐0.43, ‐0.13] |
| 1.6.1 Participants were selected by being motivated to quit |
10 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.27 [‐0.45, ‐0.09] |
| 1.6.2 Participants were not selected by being motivated to quit |
5 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.30 [‐0.57, ‐0.02] |
| 1.7 Subgroups: comparing adjusted & unadjusted estimates |
15 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.28 [‐0.43, ‐0.13] |
| 1.7.1 Adjusted estimates |
6 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.36 [‐0.62, ‐0.10] |
| 1.7.2 Unadjusted estimates |
9 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.21 [‐0.38, ‐0.04] |
| 1.8 Subgroups: comparing study designs |
15 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.28 [‐0.43, ‐0.13] |
| 1.8.1 Longitudinal cohort study/Non‐randomised intervention study |
5 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.25 [‐0.54, 0.03] |
| 1.8.2 Randomised experiment comparing people allocated to quit/continue to smoke |
1 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.19 [‐0.68, 0.30] |
| 1.8.3 Secondary analysis of RCT |
9 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.29 [‐0.49, ‐0.09] |
| 1.9 Subgroups: length of longest follow‐up |
15 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.28 [‐0.43, ‐0.13] |
| 1.9.1 6 weeks to ≤6 months follow‐up |
11 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.24 [‐0.42, ‐0.06] |
| 1.9.2 >6 months follow‐up |
4 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.39 [‐0.62, ‐0.15] |
| 1.10 Subgroups: primary versus secondary outcome |
15 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.28 [‐0.43, ‐0.13] |
| 1.10.1 Primary outcome |
9 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.28 [‐0.46, ‐0.10] |
| 1.10.2 Secondary outcome |
6 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.26 [‐0.54, 0.03] |
| 1.11 New incidence of anxiety |
2 |
|
Odds Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.61 [0.34, 1.12] |
