| 5.1 Main continuous data analysis |
13 |
4880 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.22 [0.11, 0.33] |
| 5.2 Sensitivity analysis: no biochemical validation |
7 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.33 [0.15, 0.51] |
| 5.3 Sensitivity analysis: point prevalence or no abstinence definition |
3 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.46 [0.06, 0.87] |
| 5.4 Sensitivity analysis: psychoactive/psychological treatment used |
9 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.13 [0.04, 0.22] |
| 5.5 Sensitivity analysis: differing Ns analysed |
11 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.25 [0.12, 0.39] |
| 5.6 Subgroups: comparing clinical populations |
13 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.22 [0.11, 0.33] |
| 5.6.1 Chronic physical and/or psychiatric condition |
1 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.47 [0.04, 0.90] |
| 5.6.2 Chronic physical condition |
3 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.59 [0.17, 1.00] |
| 5.6.3 Post‐surgical patients |
1 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.19 [‐0.05, 0.43] |
| 5.6.4 General (unselected) population |
6 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.08 [0.01, 0.14] |
| 5.6.5 Psychiatric condition |
2 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.69 [0.33, 1.06] |
| 5.7 Subgroups: motivation to quit |
13 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.22 [0.11, 0.33] |
| 5.7.1 Participants were selected by being motivated to quit |
9 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.20 [0.09, 0.31] |
| 5.7.2 Participants were not selected by being motivated to quit |
4 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.35 [0.02, 0.67] |
| 5.8 Subgroups: comparing adjusted & unadjusted estimates |
13 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.22 [0.11, 0.33] |
| 5.8.1 Adjusted estimates |
5 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.12 [0.01, 0.24] |
| 5.8.2 Undjusted estimates |
8 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.30 [0.12, 0.48] |
| 5.9 Subgroups: comparing study designs |
13 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.22 [0.11, 0.33] |
| 5.9.1 Longitudinal cohort study/Non‐randomised intervention study |
6 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.22 [0.01, 0.42] |
| 5.9.2 Seconary analysis of RCT |
7 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.24 [0.11, 0.37] |
| 5.10 Subgroups: length of longest follow‐up |
13 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.22 [0.11, 0.33] |
| 5.10.1 6 weeks to ≤6 months follow‐up |
4 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.60 [0.27, 0.93] |
| 5.10.2 >6 months follow‐up |
9 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.13 [0.04, 0.22] |
| 5.11 Subgroups: primary versus secondary outcome |
13 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.22 [0.11, 0.33] |
| 5.11.1 Primary outcome |
3 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.42 [‐0.13, 0.97] |
| 5.11.2 Secondary outcome |
10 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.21 [0.10, 0.32] |
