Croghan 2005.

Study characteristics
Methods	Study design: longitudinal cohort Country: USA Data collection period: participants using services from 1st September 1996 – 31st May 1998 and 1‐year follow‐up (31st May 1999) Registry ID: N/A (cohort)
Participants	Number of participants: N = 206; Number included in meta‐analysis: N = 206 Sample characteristics (at baseline): Age (mean): people who quit 52.8 years (SD 11.2), people who continued smoking 54.6 years (SD 15.6); Sex (% male): people who quit 52% (76/146), people who continued smoking 50% (30/60) Population category: general population; Specific population: participants using clinical services of the Nicotine Dependence Centre (NDC) Nicotine dependence: not measured; Baseline cigarettes per day: median 20 ‐ 39; Motivation to quit: selected by motivation to quit
Interventions	Behavioural support for smoking cessation: behavioural support, relapse prevention or pharmacological support or both Pharmacological support for smoking cessation: behavioural support, relapse prevention or pharmacological support or both Psychotherapeutic or psychoactive support for mental health or mood: did not receive mood management
Outcomes	Definition of cessation used: 7‐day point‐prevalence abstinence (self‐report); 1‐year continuous abstinence (self‐report) Cessation definition used for outcome(s) in this analysis: continuous abstinence Measure of biovalidation: not bioverified Definition of people who continued smoking used: longest period of smoking abstinence ≤ 6 days (during the prior year) Time point(s) at which follow‐up was conducted: 1 year after baseline Outcome category: Positive Affect; Psychological Quality of Life (QoL), Social Outcome Outcome measure(s): Short Form Health Survey – 36 (SF‐36; energy, vitality and social functioning subscales and mental health composite)
Funding source	The Mayo Foundation
Author conflicts of interest	None specified
Notes	Outcome data source: Published data