Kahler 2014.

Study characteristics
Methods	Study design: non‐randomised intervention study Country: USA Data collection period: February – November 2011 Registry ID: not reported
Participants	Number of participants: N = 19 Sample characteristics (at baseline): Age (mean): 45 years (SD 9.9); Sex (% male): 68.4% Population category: general population; Specific population: participants who wanted help to quit smoking and reported low positive affect (average item score of ≤ 2.5 on the positive affect subscale of the CES‐D) Nicotine dependence: FTND 5.7 (SD 1.7); Baseline cigarettes per day: 18.3 (SD 5.2); Motivation to quit: selected by motivation to quit
Interventions	Behavioural support for smoking cessation: standard behavioural treatment based on recent clinical practice guidelines for smoking cessation (Fiore, 2008). The focus of the first 2 sessions was on identifying reasons for quitting, seeking social support for quitting, and problem‐solving in high‐risk situations for smoking relapse. Participants were also instructed on the proper use of nicotine patch. Identifying and planning for high‐risk situations remained the focus of the treatment after quit date with counsellors providing support, reinforcing success, and bolstering self‐efficacy, as well as managing slips in the event that participants smoked after quit date Pharmacological support for smoking cessation: participants smoking more than 10 CPD at baseline received treatment with transdermal nicotine patch with the initial dose starting on quit date at 21 mg for 4 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of 14 mg patch, and then 2 weeks of 7 mg patch; participants smoking 5 – 10 CPD started with 14 mg for 6 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of 7 mg patch Psychotherapeutic or psychoactive support for mental health or mood: received mood management ‐ the Positive Psychotherapy for Smoking Cessation (PPT‐S) intervention integrated standard smoking cessation counselling with nicotine patch and a package of positive psychology interventions. During the course of this feasibility study the positive psychology intervention components were developed further but started with 6 exercises used previously in trials of mild‐to‐moderate depression: (1) using Signature Strengths in a new way, (2) Three Good Things, (3) Gratitude Visit, (4) Savoring, (5) Active/constructing Responding, and (6) Positive Service. A Savoring Kindness exercise was later added in place of Positive Service, while the Signature Strengths exercise was modified to focus solely on using one's strengths to aid smoking cessation
Outcomes	Definition of cessation used: 7‐day point‐prevalence abstinence which was bioverified Cessation definition used for outcome(s) in this analysis: point‐prevalence abstinence Measure of biovalidation: Expired CO (≤ 10 ppm); saliva cotinine (≤ 15 ng/ml) Definition of people who continued to smoke used: exact definition not reported; not biochemically confirmed as smoking abstinent Time point(s) at which follow‐up was conducted: follow‐ups were conducted 8, 16, and 26 weeks after quit date Outcome category: Depression, Positive Affect Outcome measure(s): Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS‐P; positive affect subscale)
Funding source	This research was supported by the National Cancer Institute grant R01CA156241 to CWK
Author conflicts of interest	None specified
Notes	Outcome data source: Published data