Table 4. Spearman’s correlation among patients with normal and abnormal semen parameters.

 r = correlation coefficient. r was considered significant at p < 0.05

**Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two-tailed); *Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two-tailed)

FSH = follicle-stimulating hormone; LH = luteinizing hormone; TT = total testosterone

Normozoospermic men
		Age	Volume	Sperm concentration		Total motility	Progressive motility	Normal morphology
FSH	r	-0.13	0.09	-0.07		0.07	0.18*	0.004
	p	0.14	0.31	0.47		0.47	0.05	0.97
LH	r	0.11	0.17	0.02		0.02	0.04	-0.06
	p	0.23	0.06	0.79		0.84	0.66	0.51
TT	r	0.06	0.06	0.38**		0.45**	0.44**	0.19*
	p	0.52	0.52	0.01		0.04	0.02	0.03
Vitamin D	r	0.16	-0.15	0.45		0.54	0.46	0.31
	p	0.08	0.09	0.01		0.02	0.01	0.03
Men with one or more altered semen parameters
FSH	r		-0.16	-0.02	0.02*	-0.01	0.01	0.12
	p		0.10	0.80	0.07	0.91	0.93	0.16
LH	r		0.03	0.12	0.04	-0.16	-0.14	0.15
	p		0.81	0.23	0.69	0.12	0.18	0.13
TT	r		0.19	0.15	0.47*	0.55**	0.34**	0.22*
	p		0.06	0.13	0.02	0.01	0.001	0.03
Vitamin D	r		0.17	0.19	0.61	0.31*	0.38**	0.24*
	p		0.11	0.06	0.001	0.03	0.000	0.02