. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 May 14.

Published in final edited form as: J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020 Jan 20;21(5):675–682.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2019.12.004

Table 3.

Resident Characteristics and Types of Information with Associated Importance Scores and Utility-Derived Odds Ratios by Response Option (N_Clinicians = 867)

Resident Characteristics and Types of Information	Importance Scores (%) and Utilities (OR, [95% CI])
Resident Characteristics and Types of Information	“I would prescribe for a UTI.”	“I would prescribe for another infection.”	“I would prescribe a broad-spectrum”
Urinalysis	31.7%	3.7%	21.4%
Negative leukocyte esterase, negative nitrates	0.00	0.00	0.00
Positive leukocyte esterase, positive nitrates	19.54 (16.92, 22.57) ^a	0.77 (0.64, 0.93) ^a	8.77 (7.50, 10.27) ^a
Positive leukocyte esterase, negative nitrates	6.65 (5.83, 7.58) ^a	0.87 (0.75, 1.01)	3.29 (2.84, 3.81) ^a
Unavailable/Not performed	2.53 (2.22, 2.87) ^a	0.82 (0.72, 0.94) ^a	1.77 (1.53, 2.04) ^a

Body Temperature	16.9%	25.8%	21.3%
Temperature is 97.5°F	0.00	0.00	0.00
Temperature is 101.5°F	4.65 (4.05, 5.33) ^a	6.17 (5.24, 7.27) ^a	8.68 (7.44, 10.11) ^a
Temperature is 99.5°F	1.89 (1.68, 2.14) ^a	1.83 (1.57, 2.13) ^a	2.02 (1.75, 2.33) ^a
Temperature is 96.5°F	0.95 (0.84, 1.07)	1.12 (0.97, 1.30)	1.02 (0.89, 1.18)

Lower Urinary Tract Status	16.7%	4.2%	13.2%
No lower urinary tract signs/symptoms	0.00	0.00	0.00
Painful or difficult urination	4.80 (4.15, 5.54) ^a	1.15 (0.97, 1.37)	3.80 (3.22, 4.47) ^a
Obvious blood in urine	3.14 (2.72, 3.61) ^a	0.85 (0.72, 1.01)	2.80 (2.38, 3.28) ^a
Change in urine clarity or odor	2.31 (2.01, 2.66) ^a	1.02 (0.87, 1.19)	1.78 (1.52, 2.10) ^a
New/Worsening frequency	1.96 (1.68, 2.28) ^a	1.10 (0.92, 1.31)	1.87 (1.57, 2.23) ^a

Physical Examination	14.7%	44.8%	24.4%
Normal physical exam	0.00	0.00	0.00
Suprapubic/costovertebral angle tenderness	2.43 (2.18, 2.72) ^a	1.38 (1.08, 1.77) ^a	2.00 (1.66, 2.40) ^a
Redness and warmth on left lower leg	0.72 (0.63, 0.83) ^a	23.69 (19.54, 28.72) ^a	11.89 (10.10, 14.00) ^a
Cough and work of breathing	0.61 (0.54, 0.70) ^a	10.71 (8.84, 12.98) ^a	7.82 (6.67, 9.16) ^a

Antibiotic Request	6.8%	8.8%	6.7%
No antibiotic request	0.00	0.00	0.00
Antibiotic request from family + nurse	1.88 (1.59, 2.23) ^a	1.87 (1.51, 2.30)^aa	1.97 (1.61, 2.40) ^a
Antibiotic request from resident + nurse	1.81 (1.53, 2.14) ^a	1.65 (1.34, 2.02) ^a	1.61 (1.33, 1.95) ^a
Antibiotic request from resident	1.70 (1.44, 2.02) ^a	1.42 (1.16, 1.75) ^a	1.71 (1.41, 2.07) ^a
Antibiotic request from family	1.65 (1.40, 1.95) ^a	1.58 (1.28, 1.95) ^a	1.80 (1.48, 2.19)^a
Antibiotic request from nurse	1.59 (1.37, 1.85) ^a	1.38 (1.15, 1.66)^a	1.63 (1.37, 1.93) ^a

Mental Status	4.1%	3.6%	3.7%
Usual state of health	0.00	0.00	0.00
New/Worsening confusion	1.48 (1.30, 1.67) ^a	1.29 (1.11, 1.50) ^a	1.45 (1.26, 1.67) ^a
New/Worsening agitation	1.36 (1.20, 1.54) ^a	1.29 (1.11, 1.51) ^a	1.41 (1.23, 1.63) ^a
Sleeping more than usual	1.22 (1.08, 1.38) ^a	1.18 (1.02, 1.37) ^a	1.14 (0.99, 1.32)

UTI Risk	3.5%	1.3%	2.8%
No history of UTIs or current indwelling catheters	0.00	0.00	0.00
Current indwelling catheter + history of three UTIs	1.39 (1.22, 1.59) ^a	1.10 (0.93, 1.29)	1.33 (1.14, 1.55) ^a
History of three UTIs over past year	1.37 (1.21, 1.56) ^a	1.01 (0.86, 1.19)	1.26 (1.09, 1.45) ^a
Current indwelling catheter	1.08 (0.94, 1.23)	1.01 (0.87, 1.18)	1.02 (0.88, 1.19)

Functional Status	2.5%	1.7%	1.3%
Usual state of health	0.00	0.00	0.00
New/Worsening difficulties with ambulation/transfers	1.26 (1.10, 1.45) ^a	1.12 (0.94, 1.32)	1.14 (0.98, 1.34)
New/Increased falls	1.24 (1.08, 1.42) ^a	1.06 (0.89, 1.25)	1.12 (0.95, 1.31)
Reduced intake of food and liquids	1.20 (1.05, 1.38) ^a	1.13 (0.96, 1.34)	1.06 (0.90, 1.24)
New/Increased resistance to care	1.17 (1.02, 1.34) ^a	1.08 (0.91, 1.28)	1.06 (0.91, 1.25)

Goals of Care	2.2%	4.5%	3.8%
Comfort care measures	0.00	0.00	0.00
Full scope of treatment	1.23 (1.11, 1.37) ^a	1.37 (1.20, 1.56) ^a	1.47 (1.30, 1.66) ^a
Limited additional interventions	1.13 (1.01, 1.26) ^a	1.24 (1.09, 1.41) ^a	1.24 (1.09, 1.40) ^a

Resident Type	0.8%	1.5%	1.4%
84 year-old cognitively-intact man	0.00	0.00	0.00
84 year-old man with dementia	1.06 (0.89, 1.26)	0.96 (0.78, 1.19)	0.96 (0.78, 1.17)
84 year-old cognitively-intact woman	1.02 (0.90, 1.16)	0.96 (0.82, 1.12)	0.96 (0.83, 1.10)
84 year-old woman with dementia	0.98 (0.82, 1.17)	0.90 (0.72, 1.11)	0.87 (0.71, 1.06)

Note. Evidence-based information are bolded. Reference response not displayed (“I would not prescribe an antibiotic). OR = Odds ratio, CI = Confidence interval.

p < .05; two-side