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. 2021 Feb 17;27(1):54–61. doi: 10.4103/IJPC.IJPC_139_20

Table 2.

Major and sub-themes with their definitions

Theme Sub-theme Definition
Impact Impact on daily life Effect of breathlessness on the lives of patients’, their families and the physicians caring for them
Examples of effects on patients’ lives
Common Breathlessness is perceived as a common issue
Trajectory Progression of disease prognosis
Family Effects on family, carers and those close to patient
Physicians find it difficult Effect of patients with breathlessness on physicians personally
Invisibility Presentation The unseen suffering of those with breathlessness
Multifactorial causes and how patients present to healthcare
Assessment How breathlessness is identified, measured and assessed by physicians
Management Treatment for chronic breathlessness, covers advice given to patients and hopelessness/ “nothing can be done” attitude and barriers towards accessing palliative care
Difference in patient’s and physician’s wishes Patients’ and physicians’ aims of care may differ
Purpose Definition If, why and how chronic breathlessness syndrome should be defined
Of chronic breathlessness; disabling breathlessness despite optimal treatment of underlying condition.
Consequences Includes prevention of chronic breathlessness, improving management, services and research purposes
Pain Comparison to chronic pain syndrome or pain as a symptom