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. 2021 Apr 30;12:618844. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.618844

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Copyright © 2021 Ye, Wu, Zhang, Lan, Yang, Zhu, Yang, Gong and Zhong.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) THP-1 cells were exposed to MSU at various concentrations for 24 h. (B) Protective effects of AA on the viability of MSU-induced THP-1 cells. (C) Western blotting. (D) Expression of MAPK14 protein. (E) Expression of MMP9 protein. (F) Expression of PTGS2 protein. (G) Expression of caspase-1 mRNA. (H) Expression of SYK mRNA. (I) Expression of PTGS2 mRNA. (J-L) Effect of ARC on inflammatory factors in rat serum. (J) TNF-α. (K) IL-18. (L) IL-1β. (M) The knee joint circumference of rats were determined at 0, 4, 6, 8, 24 h after MSU stimulation, the increment at different time point was calculated. (N) Histopathological analysis of rat synovium tissue (100×). The red arrows pointed to inflammatory cells, blue arrows pointed to synovial hyperplasia. #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 vs. control group; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs. model group.