The effect of iron on IDO activity was determined in brain extracts, purified protein, and the immortalized EOC20 mouse microglial cell line. A. Iron (II) ammonium sulfate increases IDO activity in protein extracts from 14-week-old WT mouse brains in a dose-dependent manner. n = 5. B. Iron (II) activates purified IDO. n = 3. C. Iron(II) added to cultured microglia in serum-free medium for 2 hours increased IDO activity. n = 3. D. Iron(II) was added to the medium of cultured microglia for 2 hours with and without addition of cycloheximide, and IDO activity was determined. IDO activity was significantly increased by iron but there was no effect of cycloheximide. n = 6. A, D. Data are shown as the mean ± 95% CI. B, C. Data are shown as the mean ± SE. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001. A-C. Asterisks represent comparisons to samples without iron addition.