Fig 1. Simplified schematic of the model.

The figure is a simplified representation of the model, with the circular boxes representing health states and the square boxes representing intermittent states used to model shorter time step process. The model structure is presented in more detail in S1 Text. “A” refers to the decision-making process from a negative test result to starting treatment without bacteriological confirmation; “B” represents the decision to continue testing for tuberculosis (negative pathway) in those with a negative test result; “C” is the behaviour around starting treatment after a positive test results; “D” refers to the decision (based on an interpretation of the further diagnostic tests) to start treatment; and “E” refers to the decision to start tuberculosis (TB) treatment after being ‘out of care’. * The model structures following the tuberculosis test are replicated for each of the six patient types, those HIV negative (with and without tuberculosis), HIV positive not on antiretroviral therapy (with and without tuberculosis), and those HIV positive on antiretroviral therapy (with and without tuberculosis). ** The treatments states are replicated for drug-sensitive and multi-drug resistant tuberculosis treatment.