Table 4.
Multivariable regression analyses characteristics associated with antidepressant or anticonvulsant prescription
| Amitriptyline |
Nortriptyline |
Duloxetine |
Gabapentin |
Pregabalin |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | OR (95% CI) | n (%) | OR (95% CI) | n (%) | OR (95% CI) | n (%) | OR (95% CI) | n (%) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Age category | ||||||||||
| 30–39 | 86 (3.3) | 1 | 13 (0.5) | 1 | 26 (1.0) | 1 | 15 (0.6) | 1 | 67 (2.5) | 1 |
| 40–49 | 685 (5.7) | 1.69 (1.34, 2.12) | 107 (0.9) | 1.73 (0.97, 3.07) | 126 (1.0) | 1.00 (0.65, 1.52) | 125 (1.0) | 1.70 (0.99, 2.91) | 429 (3.6) | 1.34 (1.03, 1.74) |
| 50–59 | 1863 (5.7) | 1.62 (1.30, 2.03) | 275 (0.8 | 1.59(0.91, 2.78) | 301 (0.9) | 0.83 (0.55, 1.24) | 402 (1.2) | 1.90 (1.13, 3.19) | 1234 (3.8) | 1.37 (1.06, 1.76) |
| 60–69 | 2494 (5.1) | 1.50 (1.20, 1.87) | 462 (0.9) | 1.86 (1.07, 3.24) | 300 (0.6) | 0.56 (0.37, 0.84) | 675 (1.4) | 2.10 (1.26, 3.51) | 1905 (3.9) | 1.46 (1.14, 1.86) |
| 70–79 | 2361 (5.8) | 1.63 (1.31, 2.03) | 549 (1.3) | 2.56 (1.47, 4.46) | 270 (0.7) | 0.57 (0.37, 0.85) | 590 (1.4) | 2.06 (1.23, 3.46) | 1794 (4.4) | 1.59 (1.24, 2.04) |
| 80–89 | 1248 (5.3) | 1.49 (1.19, 1.87) | 365 (1.5) | 2.98 (1.71, 5.21) | 133 (0.6) | 0.49 (0.32, 0.74) | 295 (1.2) | 1.79 (1.06, 3.02) | 868 (3.7) | 1.36 (1.05, 1.75) |
| > 90 | 126 (3.6) | 1.05 (0.80, 1.40) | 39 (1.0) | 2.23 (1.18, 4.20) | 9 (0.2) | 0.72 (0.11, 0.50) | 20 (0.5) | 0.86 (0.78, 0.95) | 85 (2.3) | 0.98 (0.71, 1.36) |
| Gender | ||||||||||
| Female | 7237 (6.3) | 1 | 1371 (1.3) | 1 | 862 (0.8) | 1 | 1495 (1.4) | 1 | 4570 (4.3) | 1 |
| Male | 2202 (3.6) | 0.62 (0.59, 0.65) | 439 (0.8) | 0.69 (0.63, 0.76) | 303 (0.5) | 0.72 (0.63, 0.82) | 627 (1.1) | 0.86 (0.78, 0.95) | 1812 (3.2) | 0.84 (0.79, 0.89) |
| Joint affected | ||||||||||
| Spine | 1138 (6.2) | 1 | 207 (1.2) | 1 | 131 (0.8) | 1 | 196 (1.1) | 1 | 739 (4.3) | 1 |
| Hip | 1256 (4.2) | 0.70 (0.64, 0.76) | 277 (1.0) | 0.82 (0.78, 0.98) | 166 (0.6) | 0.91 (0.73, 1.15) | 348 (1.3) | 1.14 (0.96, 1.37) | 868 (3.1) | 0.76 (0.69, 0.84) |
| Knee | 2043 (4.3) | 0.70 (0.65, 0.74) | 387 (0.9) | 0.72 (0.61, 0.85) | 230 (0.5) | 0.75 (0.60, 0.93) | 543 (1.2) | 1.09 (0.93, 1.29) | 1363 (3.0) | 0.73 (0.67, 0.80) |
| Other peripheral joints | 1957 (4.8) | 0.73 (0.67, 0.79) | 362 (1.0) | 0.81 (0.69, 0.97) | 250 (0.7) | 0.84 (0.68, 1.04) | 305 (0.8) | 0.71 (0.60, 0.84) | 1238 (3.3) | 0.76 (0.69, 0.83) |
| Two or more joints | 3045 (7.9) | 1.04 (0.96, 1.11) | 577 (1.6) | 1.00 (0.85, 1.18) | 388 (1.1) | 1.34 (1.09, 1.64) | 730 (2.0) | 1.48 (1.26, 1.74) | 2174 (6.0) | 1.14 (1.04, 1.24) |
| MSD | ||||||||||
| No MSD | 1373 (2.3) | 1 | 322 (0.6) | 1 | 198 (0.3) | 1 | 352 (0.6) | 1 | 802 (1.4) | 1 |
| Upper extremity | 240 (3.0) | 1.28 (1.11, 1.48) | 60 (0.8) | 1.44 (1.09, 1.90) | 32 (0.4) | 1.17 (0.80, 1.70) | 66 (0.9) | 1.43 (1.10, 1.86) | 190 (2.5) | 1.79 (1.53, 2.10) |
| Lower extremity | 718 (4.0) | 1.78 (1.62, 1.95) | 135 (0.8) | 1.42 (1.16, 1.74) | 73 (0.4) | 1.23 (0.94, 1.61) | 200 (1.2) | 1.87 (1.57, 2.22) | 456 (2.7) | 1.93 (1.72, 2.17) |
| Neck/back | 690 (5.5) | 2.43 (2.21, 2.68) | 157 (1.3) | 2.39 (1.98, 2.90) | 90 (0.8) | 2.12 (1.65, 2.72) | 154 (1.3) | 2.12 (1.75, 2.57) | 519 (4.5) | 3.19 (2.85, 3.65) |
| Other MSD | 485 (4.2) | 1.76 (1.58, 1.96) | 105 (1.0) | 1.72 (1.38, 2.15) | 49 (0.5) | 1.23 (0.90, 1.69) | 110 (1.0) | 1.63 (1.31, 2.02) | 278 (2.6) | 1.81 (1.57, 2.07) |
| ≥2 MSD | 5933 (9.1) | 3.89 (3.65, 4.14) | 1031 (1.7) | 2.97 (2.62, 3.38) | 723 (1.2) | 3.07 (2.61, 3.60) | 1240 (2.1) | 3.15 (2.79, 3.56) | 4137 (6.9) | 4.82 (4.46, 5.21) |
Values in bold are statistically significant (P< 0.05). The multivariable regression analyses were adjusted for age, gender, joint affected and musculoskeletal disorders. MSD: musculoskeletal disorders.