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. 2021 May 6;35(8):109164. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109164

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© 2021 The Authors

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

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SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactivity in two populations, SARS-CoV-2 unexposed and COVID-19

(A) Four SARS-CoV-2 epitopes that were reactive in unexposed/pre-pandemic individuals are shown on the vertical axis. The heatmap displays the percentage of amino acid conservation after local alignment with representative strains of the other circulating CoVs in the pan-CoV phage library.

(B) Stacked bar plots showing CPM (cpm) for peptides from each of the viral proteins on the y axis for each of the six non-SARS-CoV-2 HCoVs in the phage library. Colors represent individual samples, as indicated by the legend on the right. Representative endemic HCoV strains used in (A) and (B) are OC43_SC0776, HKU1_Caen1, 229E_SC0865, and NL63_ChinaGD01. Protein names on y axes are identical to GenBank entries for each viral protein (see STAR Methods).