Table.

Core principles for integrated disease surveillance

	Benefits	Implementation requirement
Population-based	Denominators for mortality rates and disease burden	CRVS or sample registration system
Laboratory confirmation	Cases accurately tracked	Capacity to scale testing and sequence pathogens
Digital data	Systems interconnected and privacy protected	Unique health identifiers, standard metadata, web accessible
Data transparency	Visibility of all national threats by NPHIs and by WHO for transnational threats	Automated reporting to NPHI with a subset to WHO and regional bodies
Adequate financing	Sustainable country-owned systems	Invest US$1–4 per capita annually

CRVS=civil registration and vital statistics. NPHI=national public health institute.